(4 ) 



g. '/'. albipecttts galbraithit i Lawr.) Isthmus of Panama. 



Differs from T. ». rufiventria by its much shorter tail, and by having the ear- 

 coverts almost uniform white without dusky streaks. 



Examined : •"> adults from Panama (including 2 topotypes, received from 

 Lawrence, in Mas. IL v. Berlepsch ; and in coll. Boucard, actually in the Paris 

 Museum). 



4. Polioptila livida livida (Gm.) 



Motacilla livida dunlin. S>/sl. Nat. 1. ii. ( 1788) p. 981 (ex Daubcnton, PI. ail. 705 Bg. 3 (= ?).— 



Madagascar— errore! We substitute Cayenne). 

 Polioptila livida Hellmayr, Verhandi. Zool. Bot. <>'.-■. Wien, 1903. p. 'J-':", (crit.) 



tptila buffoni Sclater. I'.Z.S. 1861. p. 127 (part. : descr. and hab. : " Guiaua," sc. Cayenne). 



No. 561 (?)jr., Urucnrituba, 10. ii. 06. " Iris black." 



Agrees perfectly with a large series from Cayenne and Surinam. This form is 

 characterised by the wholly white outermost rectrix, the broad white edges to the 

 tertials almost reaching to the shaft, and by the greater upper wing-coverts being 

 margined with whitish (not with bluish grey, as in all other forms). 



In Nov. Zool. viii. 1901, p. '.550, I recorded a female from Para (Schnlz coll. — 

 Mus. H. v. Berlepsch), and Dr. Goeldi (Ibis L897, p. 161) observed the species 

 near Arnapa, South Guiana. These were the only records of P. I. litida for Brazil, 

 hitherto. 



Since the publication of my synopsis of the genus * I have examined a large 

 amount of additional material, and it may be worth while to say a kw words about 

 the conclusions arrived at. Mr. Ridgway f having disentangled the complicated 

 synonymy of the Central Americau forms of the P. nigriceps group, I can confine 

 myself to those found in South America, of which the following are to be recognised : 



a. P. livida livida (Gm.). Cayenne, Surinam ; South Guiaua (North Brazil): 



Am:i|a ; and Lower Amazonia : from Para to Sautarem. 



(if this form I have now a splendid series before me, and I rind the characters 

 pointed out above quite constant. 



Examined: 5 £6 ad., 1 6 imm., 3 ??, Cayenne (G. K. Cherrie coll.); 

 4 <$ 6 ad., 3 ? ? imm. from Paramaribo ; 1 ? jr. from Santarem ; 1 ? ad. Pani. 



b. P. livida innotata Ilellin. British Guiaua, and Rio Brauco (Forte do S. 



Joaquim) in Nortb Brazil. 

 Like a, this form has the outermost tail feather wholly white, but the upper 



wiug-coverts are margined with pale bluish grey, and the white edges to the tertials 

 much narrower. The tail feathers, too, are much narrower. 



Examined : 4 3 i ad., 4 ? ? Rio Branco ; 6 $$ ad., 4 ? ? British Guiana. 



e. P. livida plunibeiceps Lawr. 



Ma plumbeicepi Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Philad. ( 1865), p. 37 (Venezuela), 

 sharpe, Cat. Bird* Brit. Mut.x. (1885) p. 449 (Venezuela). 

 /' nigriceps am icularit Hellmayr, .Y<<<\ Zool. rii. (19o >i p. '•:;>> (Bogota). 



Venezuela south to the Orinoco valley, westwards to Columbia (Cauca valley). 



Mr. Ridgway distinguished P. anteocularis of Bogota from P. plumbeicepi of 



Venezuela, on account of its larger dimensions and paler chest ; these differences, 



* "Rerrei, h. Lief, is (1903) pp. 16-29. 



t JJirde North and Middle America iii. p. 710 2. 



