( 75) 



coverts have ranch brighter, ochraceous (not. buff) bars and edges, and the tips 

 to the four outer tail feathers (on eacli side) are deep cinnamon-rnfons (instead 

 of buff). 



79. Phoetliornis ruber ruber (Linn.) 

 Cfr. Nov. Zool. xiii. (1906) p. 375. 



No. 820. <? ad., 13. vi. 00. " Iris black, feet yellow, bill black, below yellow." 

 Black tip of lower mandible 8 mm. long. — Wing 29 ; tail 29 ; bill 23 mm. 



No. 715. Av. juv., 30. v. 06. " Iris black, feet yellow, bill black, below greenish 

 yellow." Black tip of lower mandible 7 mm. — Wing 32 ; tail 33 ; bill 22 mm. 



The first of these specimens is a fully adult male with a broad dark purplish 

 brown pectoral band. The tail feathers are bronze brown, very narrowly fringed 

 with buff or whitish on the tips. In the young bird (No. 715) wings and tail are 

 much longer, the rectrices more pointed, and ending in long, bright cinnamon- 

 rufous tips. 



In the extent of the black tip to the under mandible, the Teffe birds agree 

 with others from Eastern Bolivia and Mattogrosso, while in skins from Eastern 

 Brazil (Bahia, Rio, Pernambuco) and Cayenne nearly the entire apical half 

 (9 — 11 mm. long) is black. In a series from Para, however, this black stripe 

 varies from ~h to 11 mm., and I have therefore little hesitation in referring the 

 birds from Western Brazil and Bolivia to the typical form. 



According to our present knowledge, the following geographical races of 

 P. ruber are to be recognised : 



a. Phoetliornis ruber ruber (Linn.) 

 Ilab. Cayenne ; Surinam ; Brazil : from Para west to Teffe on the Rio 

 Solimoes; east through Pernambuco and Bahia to Rio de Janeiro, thence through 

 Goiaz and Mattogrosso to Eastern Bolivia (Guanai, San Augnstin). 



b. Phoethornis ruber longipennis Berk & Stolzm. 



Phaethornis rufigaster longipennis Berlepsch & Stolzmann, P. Z. S. 1902. ii. p. 19 (Chanchainavo). 

 Hab. Chanchamayo district in Central Pern. 

 Exactly like P. r. ruber, but with much longer wings, 41 1 — 43A mm. 



c. Pkoethornis ruber niffricinctus Lawr. 



Phaethornis nigricinciut Lawrence, Ann. Lye. X. H. New York vi. p. 260 (1858 — Ecuador). 



Hab. Eastern Ecuador : Rio Napo, Sarayacn ; N.E. Peru : Pebas (Hauxwell), 

 Chyavetas, Chamicuros (Bartlett), Ynrimaguas (Stolzmann). 



Topotypical Napo specimens have only the extreme tip of the lower mandible 

 (1 — 2 mm.) dusky. Quite similar examples occur on the Peruvian Amazons, 

 where, however, others are also met with in which the blackish tip is scarcely 

 shorter than in P. r. ruber. 



(I. Phoethornis ruber episcopus Gould. 

 Phuithoriiis episcopus Gould, P. Z. S. 1857. p. 14 (Demcrara). 

 Eremita whitelyi Boucard, Genera Bumming Birch, p. 390 (1895 — " Canela Mountains, British 



Guiana " — the type is from the Canuku Mountains). 

 Phaethornis caurensis Simon et Dalmas, Omis xi. p. 208 (1901— Caura R., Venezuela). 



Hab. British Guiana : Camacusa, Bartica Grove, Aunai, Canuku Mts. ; 

 Venezuela: Snapnre and Nicare, on the ('aura River; and near Nerieagua ami 

 Mnnduapo, on the Upper Orinoco. 



