PRE] \CK ix 



Experience has shown that it is scarcely wise al present to refer 

 more than a Pew to synonomy because of the Large Dumber of 

 species. Bence I have included the descriptions of those American 

 species which I have ttot yel seen, placing them in quotations. The 

 species found In the State can be easily separated by the Locality 

 given. 



Throughout the work on tliis report I have been indebted i«> 

 many individuals for help in identification, for specimens and for 

 sympathy and encouragement. Prom Dr. Charles II. Peck who has 



SO long held oul a helping hand to beginner and specialist alike. I 



have received abundant and unstinted help. To Professor Geo. 



P. Atkinson I owe the foundation which has made the work pos 

 sible. For their many favors I am deeply grateful. For material 

 and suggestions I am also indebted to Dr. \V. <;. Farlow, Dr. R. A. 

 Harper, Dr. C. E. Bessey, Dr. L. II. Pennington, Dr. L. L. Hubbard; 

 Lars Romell ami a number of others. To Dr. < >. E. Fischer and M is. 

 T. A. ('aim of the Detroit Institute of Science I am much indebted 

 for abundant and excellent specimens, and especially to Dr. Fischer 

 for the use of some photographs and for the chapter <>n Toxicology. 

 .Miss Rose Taylor made many collections at Negaunee. 



I also wish to thank here those of my colleagues of the various de 

 partments of the University for their sympathy and interest ami 

 especially those officials who have so generously supplied the Uni- 

 versity library with the necessary hooks and plates for the special 

 purpose of furthering this study; and also the stall' of the Geological 

 and Biological Survey, especially Dr. A. <!. Ruthven, lor their 

 patience and encouragement during the long drawn out progress of 

 the work. Grateful recognition is due to my wife for a helping hand 

 in much of the detail work in caring for material, assistance in 

 collecting and in the reading of the manuscript. 



The photographs were taken ami prepared throughout by myself 

 except those obtained from Dr. Fischer. An effort was made to 

 illustrate as many as possible of the plants not before illustrated. 

 For all other plants full sets of references will provide the studenl 

 with the means of comparison. 



Cryptogamic Herbarium, University of Michigan, April I. 1915. 



