230 THE AGARICACEAE OF MICHIGAN 



black spores, edge white-flocculose. STEM 5-1G cm. long, 2-6 mm. 

 thick, equal, cylindrical, sometimes flexuous, whitish, rufescent or 

 tinged purplish within and without, darker below, hollow, often 

 covered with frost-like bloom, sometimes minutely rinmlose, bulbil- 

 late. SPORES broadly oval-elliptical, ventricose, 15-18 x 9-11 micr., 

 smooth, black. Sterile cells on edge of gills, narrow, subcapitate. 



Gregarious or scattered on dunghills, manured lawns, fields, 

 road-sides, etc., in woods or in the open. Throughout the State. 

 May-October. Very common. 



The most widely distributed of our species. In favorable weather 

 it occurs abundantly where stock is pastured. In dry weather it 

 is smaller and paler. In the woods or in drizzly weather the stems 

 are large and the colors are very different. Some disagreement ex- 

 ists as to the size of the spores, which are variable in dimension but 

 rather constant in shape. Ricken describes and figures a form which 

 is scarcely our plant, and Cooke's figure is not convincing. It is 

 not poisonous but is rather unattractive and usually avoided when 

 collecting for the table. The older name is P. carbonarius. It is 

 possible that this runs into P. campanulatus Fr. and is often con- 

 fused with it. 



220. Panoeolus campanulatus Fr. (Suspected) 



Epicrisis, 1836-38. 



Illustration: Ricken, Bli'itterpilze, PI. 69, Fig. 8. 



"PILEUS 2-4 cm. broad, brownish-gray or yellowish-gray, per- 

 sistently conic-campanulate, never expanded, glabrous, often some- 

 what silky-shining, neither hygrophanous nor viscid, margin some- 

 what appendiculate by the rather persistent veil. FLESH thin, 

 concolor. GILLS adnate, ventricose-ascending, broad, close, varie- 

 gated gray to black by the spores, edge white-flocculose. STEM 

 7-10 cm. long, 1-2 mm. thick, straight, rigid-fragile, equal, reddish- 

 brown, pulverulent-pruinose, apex striate, black-dotted and beaded 

 with drops in wet weather. SPORES lemon-shaped, 15-18x10-13 

 micr., smooth, opaque, black." 



The description is adopted from Ricken. According to Godfrin 

 (Bull. Soc. Myc. de France, 19, p. 45) this species differs from P. 

 retirugis in the structure of the cuticle. In the latter species the 

 surface cells of the pileus are four or five layers thick, gradually 

 passing into the longer, tramal cells below; while in P. campanu- 



