40l THE AGARICACEAE OF MICHIGAN 



again. The presence of a universal veil separates this subgenus from 

 Hydrocybe. This veil is composed of a thin, woven, slightly mem- 

 branous texture and extends from the base of the stem in the young 

 plant over the marginal portion of the pileus. On its inner surface 

 it is continuous with the cortina, at least part way. As the plant 

 expands the veil collapses, sometimes adhering to the stem in the 

 form ill a sheath (peronate) sometimes leaving only remnants along 

 the stem and often indicating its presence by delicate superficial 

 fibrils on or toward the margin of the pileus. Since the cortina 

 itself, when copious, may leave a slight ring on the stem of those 

 species which belong to the subgenus Hydrocybe, one - has to become 

 familiar with the characteristics of the two veils — universal veil and 

 cortina — in order to refer a species properly. This subgenus includes 

 a number of large species, but many others are of medium to small 

 size. The Michigan species of this group are not yet very well 

 studied and a number of collections belonging here are for the 

 present omitted. For this reason the following arrangement must 

 be considered temporary. 



Section I. Plants wholly or in part with violet, purplish or ashy 

 hues. 



411. Cortinarius torvus Fr. 



Syst. Myc, 1821. 



Illustrations: Fries, Icones, PI. 157. 

 Cooke, 111., PI. 801. 



Gillet, Champignons de France, No. 251. 

 In Grevillea, Vol. VII, PL 117, Fig. 2. 

 Eicken, Die Blatterpilze, PI. 49, Fig. 6. 

 Plate LXXXIII of this Keport. 



PILEUS 4-0 cm. broad (rarely broader), broadly convex to plane, 

 obtuse or subumbonate, firm, subhygrophanous, violaceous- fulvous, 

 purplish-brown or copper-brown at first, at length paler, disk rusty- 

 fulvons, covered with a hoary frostiness, sometimes furfuraceous- 

 sealy, at length glabrous, sometimes radiately wrinkled, often 

 punctate. FLESH at first dull grayish-purple at length brownish 

 "i- pallid. GILLS at first adnate, then emarginate-adnexed, broad, 

 subdistant, thickish, subrigid, dark or dull purplish at first, then 

 • lark cinnamon-umber. STEM 4-7 cm. long (sometimes longer), 

 7-8 mm. thick above, clavate-bulbous, tapering upward, bulb 12-16 



