-,,, THE AGARICACEAE OP MICHIGAN 



the universal veil is of a powdery or loose consistency, it tends to 

 disappear on the surface, or remains as floccose or mealy granules 

 either irregularly disposed over the pileus or only on the margin; 

 all intermediate arrangements occur when affected by the weather, 

 as when rains wash off the scales, etc., or dry weather causes slow 

 expansion and corresponding irregularities. The margin is marked- 

 ly striate in some species like A. caesarea and A. ritssuloides, or 

 striatums may be entirely lacking as in A. phalloides. The shape 

 of the pileus varies in the young stage, usually ovoid or spherical, 

 sometimes campanulate or somewhat conical. Many species have 

 the surface of the pileus, under the scales, provided with a delicate 

 viscid pellicle, which causes fresh specimens when wrapped in 

 tissue paper to adhere to the paper, and indicates one of the ways 

 of recognition. The color of different species varies from pure 

 snowy white to smoky brown, yellow, orange or bright red; bright 

 green or blue colors do not occur in our species of this genus, olive, 

 ashy to lead-color or livid-purplish being the only shades in this 

 connection. 



The GILLS are white or whitish, in some species tinged yellow. 

 They are free from the stem, sometimes remote leaving an open 

 space around its apex, sometimes reaching it by the narrowed point 

 Which may run down the stem as a line. Their shape varies, some- 

 times ventricose, often broader in front, sometimes almost equal 

 in width except at stem; the anterior end is more or less sharply 

 truncate, and this can be used to distinguish this genus and Aniani- 

 topsis from other Agarics even after cooking. Shorter gills alter- 

 nate with those of full length. The trama of the gills is composed 

 of hyphae which in this genus diverge toward the hymenium, instead 

 of being noticeably parallel; in this respect it agrees with the 

 genera Arniillaria and Hygrophorus. 



The STEM is usually soft; the interior is stuffed by a pith which 

 is sometimes weblike and evanescent, sometimes forming a spongy 

 column in the stem, and only disappearing at full maturity; in both 

 cases the stem may become hollow. In A. stroMliformis, A. soli- 

 taria and A. chlorinosma the pith approaches the condition of 

 solid stems, but all Amanitas have practically a form of stuffed 

 stem. The texture of the stem is not homogeneous with that of the 

 pileus and the apex separates rather easily from the pileus leav- 

 ing a socket. It is cylindrical or tapers upward, the base enlarged 

 in most cases into a bulb, but occasionally cylindrical throughout 

 as in A. spreta. The base is enveloped in the volva which is found 

 in various degrees of development or persistency and which can be 



