CLASSIFICATION OP A.GARK 



panulate to expanded, quite visoid when moist, umber-broicn 

 smoky olive, sometimes virgate, often paler or whitish on margin, 

 glabrous <>r with few remnants of the universal veil In the form «»f 

 thin shreds or patches, margin even. <illd.s free or adnexed by 

 a line, medium broad, close, white. STEM 8-20 cm. Long, 6 12 nun 

 thick, cylindrical above bulb, varying Btoul to Blender, glabra 

 subsquamulose, stuffed by fibrils then hollow, white or tinged 

 color of pileus. ANM'Lis superior, white, ample, pendant, mem 

 branous. VOLVA mostly buried in the ground, forming n l 

 or appressed cup, sometimes entire and lobed, often irregularly 

 torn, formed by the universal veil dehiscent or tearing in shreds at 

 the apex, no1 truly circumscissile, its textun membranous, nol fl 

 cose. SPORES Bpherical-ovate, the ovate-pointed side ending in .i 

 rather ^i«mt apiculus, 9-12 (with apiculus) to 8-9 micr., granular 

 within, white, smooth. ODOK rather nauseous. 



Scattered or gregarious. In conifer <>r frondose woods, bordi 

 of woods, thickets, rarely on lawns, etc. Common throughout the 

 State. July to September (earliesl record July '.». latesl September 

 24). 



The form with circumscissile universal veil belongs under I. 

 mappa. The typical form with dark cap described above is rather 

 common and recognizable by the umber to olive-brown colors or 

 paler shades of these colors, the even margin, the rather ample volva 

 which may be reduced in si/.e by the shreds i1 Bometimes leaves on 

 the cap, by the Bubglabrous stem and spherical-ovate spores. I 

 distinguished from l. mappa, form I L) by the membranous 

 ure of its universal veil which does no1 split in a truly circumscissile 

 manner, by the nunc ample volva, and by the shreds which when 

 present on the cap are membranous, nol floccose-warty. In this 

 separation, I have followed Boudier, the eminenl French mycolog 

 This is one of our most deadly mushrooms, no antidote having 

 been discovered for its poison. The amateur need m>t attempl 



keep A. phalloides and A. mappa, form I L) apart, as the} ar |ually 



poisonous. The autumnal yellow form is more easily distinguished 

 but is also a deadly species. See Chapter on Poisons. In Europe, 

 the green variety is very common ; their yellow variety I '■ 

 is referred by Ricken to I. mappa. We d<> nol Beem to have t 

 color forms here. 



