836 



THE AGARICACEAE OF MICHIGAN 



it in great abundance. "It is probably a food and certainly harm- 

 less,'' 3 i. e., when cooked and eaten by man. 



The Amanita-toxin is the more active and acutely fatal, pro- 

 ducing approximately the lesions seen in man from the whole 

 cooked plant, ulcers in the stomach and intestine, serious hemor- 

 rhages, and in other organs, especially liver and kidney, cell 

 necrosis and fatty degeneration. 13 It loses potency somewhat but not 

 greatly on boiling. In a later report 31 Ford and Brush say that 

 Amanita phalloides var. citrina gathered in France corresponds 

 in all particulars to the A. phalloides gathered in America, and 

 has identical properties and contains the same poisonous sub- 

 stances. 



OTHER AMANITAS 



Amanita rerua and A. virosa have been already mentioned as 

 included in the above section. A. spreta is recognized to be deadly 

 poisonous. A group in which Amanita-toxin is present in small 

 quantities includes A. porphyria, strobiliformis, radicata, chlori- 

 nosma, mappa, morrisii, citrina, and crenulata. The first four of 

 this latter group are devoid of haemolysins but owe their toxicity 

 to small amounts of Amanita-toxin. In A. spreta the hemolysin is 

 small. The extract caused both acute and chronic intoxication 

 in guinea pigs but not in rabbits. Poisonous, Boston Mycological 

 Club, and Atkinson. 



Ford and Sherrick 41 found in Amanita mappa a small amount 

 of thermo-labile hemolysin, a chronic intoxication of guinea pigs 

 closely resembling that of Amanita phalloides. No muscarin. Babe 

 says A. mappa has the same poisons as A. phalloides but in much 

 smaller amount. It should be classed as perhaps less dangerous 

 than A. phalloides. Other Amanitas may be grouped here by Ford's 

 reports. 22 The agglutinin will receive attention in the account of 

 Amanita muscaria. The chronic intoxication is shown by a pro- 

 gressive emaciation and death in IS to 20 days. 



Amanita citrina (of Europe) a yellow variety of A phalloides 

 (Kobert). No hemolysin or agglutinin. Poisonous to guinea pigs 

 and rabbits by both acute and chronic intoxication. Seldom, if 

 ever, toxic to man, 18 A distinct species from Amanita phalloides 

 var. citrina. 



Amanita crenulata — No hemolysin or agglutinin. Chronic in- 

 toxication in guinea pigs and rabbits. Extract made after one 

 year of drying was fatal by chronic action after an acute. Poison, 



