82 THE PARASITIC FUNGI OF INSECTS. 



culties of the older writers, and has brought strongly into notice 

 the parasitic character of the fungus, which is the cause of the 

 whole matter. There remains much to be done in unravelling the 

 life-history of these fungi parasitic on insects ; but it is to be 

 hoped that this paper, although only a gleaning of the subject 

 from various sources, may be of some service in furthering know- 

 ledge amongst general readers who may not have devoted any 

 special attention to mycology. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES VI., VII., & VIII. 



Plate VI. 



Fig. 1. — Ripe specimen of Laboulbeniece. a, Black organ of attach- 

 ment ; 6, stalk ; c, Perithecium ; d, Appendage ; e, Asci. 



,, 2. — Isolated ascus, with ripe spores. 



,, 3. — Two double spores fastened to wing of house-fly. 



,, 4. — Entomophthorece. Diagram to explain discharge of spore in 

 Empusa : — a, Enlarged spore-bearing cell, or basidium ; 



b, Spore ; c, Annular suture. 



,, 5. — Mycelium ramifying in tissue of host, and sending spore- 

 bearing tube into the outer air. 



,, 6. — Conjugation of mycelium and formation of zygospore. 



,, 7. — Cordyceps. Club-shaped head of perfect fungus, showing 

 perithecia. 



8. — Portion of same, enlarged, showing escape of asci. 



9, — Asci greatly enlarged, showing escape of filiform spores. 



10. — Filiform spores, enlarged 1,000 diameters, 



,, 11. — a, Germinating spores of Cordyceps; b, Extremities of hyphse 

 which have penetrated skin of caterpillar and are producing 

 cylindrical gonidia, one of which is fixed in a blood-cell ; 



c, Branches of spores which have grown out from the skin of 

 a caterpillar killed by the fungus and converted into a 

 sclerotium. 



Plate VII. 



Cordyceps Taylori : — a. Caterpillar ; 6, Fungus growth ; c, Ground-line ; 



d, Perithecia ; e, Asci ; /. , Spores. 



Plate VIII. 



Cordyceps and Isaria : — a, New Zealand Caterpillar ; b, Moth ; c, 

 Cordyceps ; d., Isaria. 



J) 



