Campbell's Islands.'] FLORA ANTARCTICA. 33 



two plants is the same, and both are natives of Pacific Islands, abounding in peculiarly inclement localities ; 

 the present being an inhabitant of the Antarctic regions, while the Argyroxyphium is found only on the sum- 

 mits of the highest mountains on the Sandwich Islands. Mr. Douglas brought it from the volcano of Mouna 

 Kaah, which reaches an altitude of 18,400 feet, -where it was one of the last plants he met with, and he used 

 its dead stems for fuel. In the clothing and substance (as far as can be judged from dry specimens) of the 

 stem, in the disposition of the inflorescence and form of the involucral scales, and in the short ligula? of the 

 flowers of the ray, these plants entirely accord : and the lower leaves of the latter, though uniform in size and 

 shape with the upper, and having the margins quite entire, are always clothed with a similar but more beautiful 

 and dense silky coat of hairs. On a further examination of the form of the corollas and acha?nia the analogy 

 ceases. It must not however be overlooked, that the pappus of P/europhyllutn, though composed of setae (and 

 not of short palea?), is of a peculiarly harsh and rigid texture, with each seta flattened and scabrid on the opposite 

 margins, quite unlike the soft character that organ assumes in most Composite, both showing its affinity to other 

 Asteroidete, and some approach to the short rigid palese of the Sandwich Island plant. Although the Argyro- 

 xyphium is placed by DeCandolle in Senecionidca , its styles appear to me to differ in no important particular from 

 those of the PleurophyUum and of other large Asteroid genera. In both these, the styles of the flowers of the 

 ray are always longer than those of the disc, with the arms also longer, linear, obtuse and flattened, erect or 

 diverging in most of the tribe, divaricated and inclined to become revolute in ArgyroxypMum ; they are invariably 

 quite smooth throughout, and surrounded with a thickened darker-coloured border (the stigmatic series), those 

 of the corresponding side of each arm meeting at the base. In the flowers of the disc they are shorter, equally 

 bordered with a thick conspicuous margin, abruptly ceasing at the commencement of a conical, acute, rather 

 broader apex, which is plane and smooth, or most indistinctly glandular, on the inner surface, but with the 

 margins and convex back densely studded with elongated papilla; or glands (the pollen collectors) ; these 

 papilla?, except under a very high power, appear as hairs : the arms have further a strong opake central nerve 

 in each, meeting and uniting at the base. In Argyroxyphium the conical apices are very short and studded with 

 long papilla?, whence they appear abrupt, and each of the arms is split into two parallel lamina?, between which 

 a knife is easily inserted, when the midrib is seen remaining on the inner of the two lamellae, and the stigmatic 

 series on the outer. I do not think that in a natural system the two genera now under consideration should 

 be far separated from one another, or from the following genus Celmisia, Cass. 



Though generally so very bulky a plant, that an ordinary specimen of the PL criniferum weighs many pounds, 

 I have seen it so dwarfish upon the mountains as barely to exceed a span in height, with all the leaves lanceolate, 

 more densely silky, and thus even more nearly resembling Argyroxyphium than it does in its ordinary state. 

 The masses of curly fibres, which may be taken up in handfulls from the summit of the roots of a common-sized 

 plant, form a very remarkable character. 



Plates XXIV. & XXV. Fig. 1 , receptacle and portion of involucre with flower of ray and disc in situ ; fig. 2, 

 single scale of the involucre ; fig. 3, alveola? of the receptacle ; fig. 4, seta? of the pappus ; fig. 5, a corolla 

 with the ligula 3-partite ; fig. C, a flower of the ray with the ligula 3-toothed ; fig. 7, style from the same ; fig. 8, 

 front, and Jig. 9, lateral view of the acha?nium ; fig. 10, flower of the disc ; fig. 11, corolla of do. ; fig. 12, stamen, 

 and fig. 13, style from do. : — all magnified. 



7. CELMISIA, Cass. 



Capitulum multiflorum, heterogamum ; fioribits radii 1-serialibus, ligulatis, foemineis; disci numerosis, tubu- 

 losis, hermaphroditis, 5-dentatis. Involucrum campanulatum, v. depresso-hemispha?ricum, pluriseriale, squamis 

 elongatis ina?qualibus disco paulo longioribus v. suba?quilongis. Receptaculum nudum aut alveolatum, epalea- 

 ceum, latiusculum, plus minusve convexum. Flor. Radii. Corolla tubo elongato terete glaberrimo v. piloso pilis 

 articulatis ; ligula lineari, patente, interdum revoluta, apice subintegra v. 3-dentata, albida, sa?pius roseo suffusa. 

 Stylus teres, gracilis, exsertus, ramis linearibus plus minusve elongatis obtusis v. subacutis, marginibus valde 

 VOL. I. F 



