Campbell's Islands.] FLORA ANTARCTICA. 65 



peculiarly favourable to a vigorous development of the stem and leaves of plants ; there being no winter's cold 

 sufficient to destroy even the herbaceous vegetation, a constant accession of new matter ensues in the 

 summer, which only decays with the death of the plant. The elongation of the collum is, under these circum- 

 stances, very frequent amongst many truly herbaceous, perennial-rooted plants, whose congeners in other cli- 

 mates are cut off during the winter's frosts, close to the ground, and where the summer season is too dry to 

 admit of much exposure of so large a portion of the root. In the group of islands now under consideration, I 

 have remarked this peculiarity of structure in Ranunculus, Cardamine, Sieversia, Pozoa, both species of Pleu- 

 rophyllum, Cehnisia, Gentiana, and others. In Kerguelen's Land a remarkable instance occurs in the famous 

 Cabbage of that island, a new genus and species of Crucifera, to which the generic name of Pringlea was given by 

 its discoverer Mr. Anderson, and which I shall shortly have the opportunity of figuring as P. antiscorbutica. In 

 the southern extreme of America the P. monanthos, D'Urv., assumes this spuriously caulescent form, as well as 

 Statice and many other herbaceous genera, and in the various small oceanic islands the same character prevails. 

 As a natural sequence, it is to be expected that plants generally represented by small suffruticose species, should 

 under these circumstances become frutescent or arborescent, of which we have many instances. Veronica:, 

 Composites, Araliacea, Myrtacete, Rubiacete, Campanulacete, Lobeliacece, and Ferns, are all more fully developed in 

 the Pacific islands in proportion to the number of smaller species, and to the mass of the vegetation, than they 

 are in other climates. 



Plate XLII. Fig. 1, flower and bractea ; fig. 2, corolla ; fig. 3, the same cut open ; fig. 4, anther and upper 

 part of filament ; fig. 5, ovarium ; fig. 6, young capsule ; fig. 7, transverse section of the same ; fig. 8, immature 

 seeds on the column ; fig. 9, capsule surrounded by remains of corolla, calyx and bractea ; fig. 10, hair from the 

 bases of the leaves : — all magnified. 



2. Plaxtago (Arnoglossum, Encll.) carnosa, Br.; acaulis, collo crassissimo, foliis plurimis con- 

 fertis stellatim patentibus crassis carnosis spathulatis lanceolatisve obtusis inciso-dentatis seu runci- 

 natis glaberrimis aut rarius pilosis basi nudis, scapis plurimis foliis aequilongis, floribus capitatis, 

 capitulis compressis 1-4-floris, bracteis foliolisque calycinis acutis, capsula calyce inclusa rotundata 

 4-8-sperma. (Tab. XLIII.) — P. carnosa, Br. Prodr. p. 425 (wore Lam.). P. triantha, Spreng. Syst, 

 Veg. vol. i. p. 439. 



Var. ft. foliis glaberrimis majoribus. 



Var. y. pumila, foliis plus minusve hispido-pilosis. 



Hab. Lord Auckland's group ; on rocks near the sea, generally immediately above high-water 

 mark, all the states ; abundant. 



Planta maritima, depressa, succulenta, rupibus tenaciter affixa. Radix perennis, breviter fusiformis, copio- 

 sissime fibrosa ; fibris aterrimis, plerisque tenuibus, fastigiatis, aliis validis, crassis, subsucculentis. Collum cras- 

 sissimum, breve, nigrum, simplex v. rarius biceps, nudum, fibrosum, non raro surculos emittens. Folia petio- 

 lata, 1-3 unc. longa, horizontaliter stellatim patentia, conferta, numerosissima, singula planta 40-60, succulenta, 

 lanceolata, spathulata, v. lineari-spathulata, obtusa, basi attenuata, margine varie secta, sinuato-dentata, inciso- 

 dentata v. ssepius runcinata, rarius utrinque uni-bidentata v. omnino integra ; supra luride virescentia, opaca, 

 medio sulcata, avenia ; subtus pallidiora, costa medio prominula, nervisque 2 per totam longitudinem percursa ; 

 glaberrima v. in var. /3. pilis patentibus v. appressis, sparsis, rigidis, albis subhispida ; intima breviora, dense com- 

 pacts, rosulata, obovata, margine sinuata. Scapi valde numerosi, 15-20, horizontaliter pateutes, apicibus ascen- 

 dentibus, ex axillis foliorum orti, longitudine foliorum v. iis breviores, interdum brevissimi, glabri v. plerumquc 

 pilosi, pilis patentibus ut in foliis. Spica ad capitulam late ovatam, superne truncatam redacta, valde com- 

 pressa, \ unc. lata, latior quam longa, pauci-2— 4-flora. Bracleie majuscula?, ovatae, cymbiformes, subacute v. 

 acuminata;, carnosse, marginibus membranaceis, basin calycis fere cingentes. Calyx tetraphyllus, foliolis late 

 VOL. I. K 



