Fulklands, etc.] FLORA ANTARCTICA. 309 



Hab. Tierra del Fuego, from the Strait of Magalhaens to Cape Horn ; Banks and Solander and all 

 future voyagers. 



Apparently abundant from Yaldivia to Cape Horn ; the specimens from the northern locality being much 

 the largest. 



9. GNAPHALIUM, L. 



1. Gnaphalitjm spicatum, Lain.; caule erecto v. ascendente simplici v. e basi ramoso pube arete ap- 

 presso-cano, foliis anguste oblongo-spatliulatis inferioribus plerumque latioribus superioribus sub-decurrentibus 

 super glabriusculis arachnoideisve, subter dense appresso-canis subargenteisve marginibus planis undulato- 

 crispatulisve floralibus brevioribus linearibus. G. spicatum, Lam. Encycl. vol. ii. p. 757. DC. Prodr. vol. vi. 

 p. 232. Hook, et Am. in Bot. Beechey, p. 31. Bot. Journ. vol. iii. p. 328. G. coarctation, Willi. Sp. PI. 

 vol. iii. p. 1886. H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am. vol. iv. p. 86. G. sphacelatum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. I.e. 

 Dill.Hort.Elt/i.i. 133. G. consanguineum, Gaud, in Ann. Sc. Nat. vol. v. p. 105 et inFreyc.Voy .Bot.pAGl . 

 D' Urville in Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, vol. iv. p. 610, non Homb. et Jacq. in Foy. au Pole Sud. (Tab. CXIII). 



Var. /3, Clionoticam, foliis omnibus in petiolum elongatum angustatis floralibus elongatis patentibus, 

 floribus in capitulis subsessilibus aggregatis. 



Hab. Falkland Islands ; Gaudichaiid, D' Urville and all succeeding voyagers. Var. ft Chonos Archi- 

 pelago ; C. Darwin Esq. 



One of the most variable and abundant of South American plants, from the latitude of Quito to the Falkland 

 Islands, also occurring in Brazil. 



I am inclined to consider the G. spicatum as the typical form of a species to which G. Americanum, G. purpu- 

 reum, G. Pennsylvanicum (?), and probably several other North American forms should be referred, and from which 

 they diifer no more than do G. strietum, Norvegicum, &c, from the G. sylvaticum of Europe. Authentic speci- 

 mens of G. purpureum, which I have studied, are preserved in the British Museum, with Dillenius' hand-writing 

 attached to them, and they accord perfectly with the figure in * Hortus Elthamensis.' The plant is common in 

 the middle and southern states of North America, and is very evidently a variety of the following, G. Ameri- 

 canum, which is generally more branched, with broader leaves and the inflorescence more elongated. It is a species 

 of California and the southern United States, whence I have examined individuals with the woolly substance 

 as appressed to the stem and under side of the leaves as in many Chilian ones of G. spicatum. Bertero's Chilian 

 specimens of G. Berteriawum are apparently G. purpureum, between which and G. falcatum (through the 

 varieties of the latter plant enumerated in De Candolle's ' Prodromus') there seems very little tangible specific 

 difference. 



An examination of copious suites of specimens of De Candolle's spicate group of GnaphaUum certainly rather 

 tends than otherwise to the union of about sixteen species which it contains (as conjectured by Hooker and Arnott 

 in the 'Botanical Journal'), and to reduce them to perhaps two, one of them, 67. sylvaticum, being European, and 

 the other (of which G. spicatum is "the type) American. Generally speaking, the two forms, of the old and new 

 world, are sufficiently distinguishable by the eye, though I shoidd feel it difficult to give a definition of either that 

 would include all states of one and exclude all of the other. If future observations confirm this supposition 

 a question will arise respecting the specific name; the oldest, or Linnsean (67. purpureum) applying to the 

 variety, if that be called variety which is the less developed state of a plant more widely diffused under another 

 form. The trivial appellation of 67. spicatum, again, though not botanically speaking strictly correct, is charac- 

 teristic of all the aspects of both the European and American plants, and that of G. Americanum appears even 

 more suitable to a plant so particularly abundant in both divisions of the new world. 



3 Y 



