72 Pflanzenkrankheiten. — Lichenes. — Floristik etc. 



about 1890 and has been established in Malabar for the last ten 

 years. The Pythiurn palmivoriini Butl. is of wide distribution on 

 the west coast and on the islands, where it is perhaps endemic; 

 under ordinary circumstances it has probably existed, killing a 

 palm here and there, without attracting much notice from the 

 Indian ryot. The fact is well known to agriculturists, that the cul- 

 tivation of a Single species over a large area creates conditions 

 extremely favourable for the development of any of its parasites. 

 Experiment in the laboratory has shown that for the successful 

 inoculation of the hard woody tissues of the coconut a practically 

 saturated condition of ihe bud is almost essential. Various methods 

 of combating bud rot have been suggested but the total destruction 

 of diseased trees seems to be the only reliable check te« the spread 

 of the disease. Treatment with Bordeaux mixture was not, in the case 

 of the palmyra palm, a success; the mere covering of the external 

 surface of the leaf bases with Bordeaux mixture being no hindrance 

 to the development of the disease in deeper seated situations. The 

 same objection applies to spraying with Paris green or any other 

 Chemical. On the whole the authors believe that vigorous and ruth- 

 less destruction of infected trees offers the surest and cheapest 

 means of freeing Malabar from a scourge which, if unchecked, 

 might ruin the commercial prosperity of the west coast oflndia. — 

 The plate shows a row of spots on a diseased leaf and a seedling 

 coconut palm jacketed and infected. Matouschek (Wien). 



Anders, I., Die Strauch- und Blatt flechten Nordböhmens. 



(S.-A. aus „Mitt. Nordböhm. Ver. Heimatforsch, u. Wanderpflege." 



XXX. 2/3. 80. 14 pp. Leipa, 1917.) 



Nordböhmen ist ein für das Gedeihen der Flechten sehr 

 günstiges Gebiet, ein Beweis dafür ist auch der vorliegende (zweite) 

 Beitrag, der nicht nur die häufigen Arten, sondern auch eine Reihe 

 von Seltenheiten umfasst. Wenn Anders in der Arbeit nur strau- 

 chige- und blattartige Form behandelt, so tat er dies nicht, weil 

 er in ihnen systematische zusammengehörige Gruppen sieht. Die 

 überwiegende Mehrzahl der aufgezählten Arten wurde von Verf. 

 selbst gesammelt. Zahlbruckner (Wien). 



Bews, J. W., An Account of the Chief types of Vegetation 

 in South Africa, with not es on the Plant Succession. 

 (Jour. Ecology IV. 3 and 4. p. 129—159. 1 fig. 1916.) 



The author has already published memoirs on the Vegetation 

 of Natal, from the ecological Standpoint. This contribution is the 

 basis of a phytogeographical scheme for the whole of South 

 Africa. The country has many types of Vegetation, the majority 

 of them still incompletely known in spite of the labours of eminent 

 botanists, hence this memoir is essentially preliminary. The Clas- 

 sification is based on climatic foctors, and is mainly physiognomic. 

 Special attention is given to plant succession. The principal Types 

 can only be briefly indicated. The succession on bare rocksurfaces 

 and cliffs begins with a series in which Cyanophyceae, Lichens, 

 and Bryophyia prepare the way for Chomophytes. Sclerophyllous 

 formations are determined by climate, and include types compa- 

 rable to the European Heath and Macchia, and these are des- 

 cribed in considerable detail. Forest succession is based on that 



