Floristik, Geographie, Systematik etc. 93 



laneous species of Carex: C. festivella, C. Egglestonii, C. Lunelliana, 

 C. biilbostylis, C. onusta, C. Sheldonii, C. exserta (C. filifolia var. y 

 erostrata Kükenth. not C. erostrata Boott) and C. rugosperma. 



Jongmans. 



Rydberg, P. A., Phy togeographical notes on the Rocky 

 Mountain region. IV. Forests of the subalpine and 

 montane zones. (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. XLII. p. 11—25. 1915.) 



The mountain regions may be divided into four zones: 1) the 

 Alpine Zone, above the timberline; 2) the Subalpine Zone; 3) the 

 Montane Zone; 4) the Foothill Zone. The Alpine Zone has already 

 been discussed in preceding papers. In the present paper are dis- 

 cussed: Subalpine Zone of the Southern Rockies and of the Northern 

 Rockies; the Montane Zone of the Southern and that of the Northern 

 Rockies (differences between eastern and northern slopes). 



Jongmans. 



Rydberg, P. A., Phy togeographical Notes on the Rocky 



Mountain region. V. Grasslands of th e Subalpine and 



Montane Zones. (Bull. Torrey Botan. Club. XLII. p. 629-642. 



1915.) 



The Subalpine Zone can be divided into: 1) Lakes, ponds, 



brooks and swamps, 2) meadows, 3) dry Valleys and bench lands, 



4) mountain slopes and 5) Hog-backs. These grasslands resemble 



much those of the Alpine Zone. The grasslands of the Montane 



Zone resemble more those of the Great Plains and the Foot- 



hills. The author describes the typical flora of: 1) lakes, ponds 



and swamps, 2) meadows, 3) Valleys and bench-lands, 4) mountain 



slopes and hillsides, 5) hog-backs and dry ridges, 6) woods, 7) cop- 



pices and river banks, 8) sand-draws and sand-hills, 9) hot spring 



formation and 10) ruderal regions. Jongmans. 



Salisbury, E. J., The Oak-Hornbeam Woods of Hertford- 

 shire. Parts I and II. (Jour. Ecology. IV. 2. p. 83 — 117. 2 pl. 

 and 5 figs. 1916.) 

 This contribution brings together observations extending oyer 

 5 years on a number of remmants of a former forest for which 

 there is historical evidence that Carpinus occurred as a constituent 

 of a type of Querciis woodland. The woods dealt with here are 

 Quercus robur- Carpinus, a future paper is proposed for Q. sess////?or«- 

 Carpinus; another type of this district is Quercus- Corylus. The 

 contribution has a special value since it establishes definitely that 

 the Oak-Hornbeam woods occur on definite types of soil, and 

 have a ground-flora differing in composition from that of the Oak- 

 Hazel woods. It has, however, a broader interest as an example 

 of careful review of all the factors involved in the evolution of 

 the ground-flora of woodlands. The same woodland type occurs 

 in Kent, Essex, and Somerset. It occurs on lighter clays and 

 stiff loams, most frequently on the formation of southern England 

 known as „clay with flints". In discussing a number of analyses 

 raade, emphasis is given to the water-content (average 33 p.c.) and 

 to the ratio acidity: humus, which is here high. The light- 

 conditions have been examined by a Standard method whereby 



