186 Physiologie. — Palaeontologie. — Eumycetes. 



than in fresh distilled water in which untreated plants had been 

 grown. 



Peas and horse beans did not do as well in distilled water in 

 which pea seedlings had already grown for 21 days as in fresh 

 distilled water. 



Abundant exosmosis may occur from treated plants, even 

 though the roots remain entirely normal in appearance. When the 

 tops were badly affected and the roots remained normal, abundant 

 exosmosis also occurred and the indications pointed in some cases 

 to a downward flow of substances into the roots and out into the 

 aqueous medium. No conclusive proof of this was obtained, however. 



Anesthetic vapors cause marked exosmosis upon considerable 

 exposure of the plants to them, but there is none if the exposure 

 be Short. The interval required to initiate exosmosis was accurately 

 determined. The order of effectiveness of the vapors tried is,ether, 

 least; illuminating gas, more; and Chloroform, most. 



The time liraits for the exposure of plants to extremes of tem- 

 perature in relation to exosmosis were determined. Comparison 

 was also made between the effect of dry and moist heat. 



The exosmosis curves for various organic Compounds were 

 found. In general, at the concentrations used, marked excretion 

 was produced. 



The effect of Single salts, salts in pairs, and salts plus anes- 

 thetics in Solution were ascertained as regards the exosmosis pro- 

 duced upon the plants in such Solutions. Antagonistic relations in 

 the sense of one substance decreasing the exosmotic effect produced 

 by another substance were found not to hold in the cases tried and 

 under the conditions of the experiments. Jongmans. 



Knowlton, F. H., Description of a new fossil fern from 

 the Judith River formation of Montana. (Torreya. XV. p. 

 67—70. 5 Fig. 1915.) 



The new species, Dryopteris Lloydii, has been found in the 

 Judith River formation, Montana Group, Cretaceous. It is repre- 

 sented by fertile and sterile pinnae. It is closely related to Aspi- 

 diuni seciindum Heer {Dryopteris secunda), from the Atane beds of 

 Greenland. Jongmans. 



Dittpich, G., Mittel und Wege zur Pilzkenntnis. (93. Jahrber. 

 Schlesisch. Ges. vaterl. Cult. Sitz. Sekt. Obst- u. Gartenbau a. 4. 

 Dez. 1916. 16 pp. Breslau, G. P. Aderholz. 1917.) 



In weiten Kreisen, namentlich von Seiten vieler Aerzte, wird 

 die Behauptung aufgestellt, dass die Pilze ziemlich unverändert 

 wieder aus dem Körper ausgeschieden würden. Die Ergebnisse 

 der Verdauungsversuche aus neuerer Zeit widersprechen aber 

 einer solchen ungünstigen Ansicht durchaus. In der Berliner Physio- 

 logischen Gesellschaft ist im Mai 1916 ein Stoffwechselversuch 

 mitgeteilt worden, den der eine der Vortragenden an sich selbst 

 angestellt hatte und bei dem nahezu 60% der gesamten Stickstoff- 

 verbindungen getrockneter Steinpilze aufgenommen wurden. In 

 der chemischen Zusammensetzung nähern sich die Pilze einiger- 

 massen dem Fleische. Im Vergleich mit Rüben oder Kraut wird 

 man den Eindruck einer vollständigeren und länger vorhaltenden 

 Mahlzeit gewinnen. Dazu kommt, dass jeder seine Pilze selbst 



