344 Eumycetes. 



The author goes on to consider the work of Noel Bernard 

 on Orchids (1899-1909), Hans Burgeff (1909), Galland (1905), 

 Kusano on Gastrodia elata (1911) and Rayner on Calluna vulga- 

 ris (1915). With regard to the last paper it is noted that the con- 

 clusions reached as to the behaviour and significance of the endo- 

 ph57te in Ericaceae differ from those of Stahl, who worked with 

 Vaccmiutn. It appears desirable that Stahl's experiments should 

 be repeated under rigidly aseptic conditions. 



The paper concludes with a suggested outline of the evolution 

 of the mycorhiza habit in plants. The author's views as to the 

 nature of the association are in agreement with those of Bern ard, 

 naraely "that the phenomenon of mycorhiza in plants is only an 

 expression of the warfare waged continuously by all organisms 

 against parasitic Invasion of their tissues. The flowering plant pos- 

 sessing mycorhiza has done more than hold the invader in check; 

 it has turned the intension to its own advantage " 



E. M. Wakefield (Kew). 



Turesson, G., Ett fall av Aspergillus mykos hos bin. [A case 

 of ^s/)^;'^///i/s m y k o s i s in bees]. (Botaniska Notiser. V. p. 269 — 

 271. Lund 1917. Engl. Res.) 



Aspergillusmykosis in bees was known with certainty from 

 Sweden. Author found, that the disease in Sweden was identical 

 with the one previously reported from Germ an y and from Da- 

 nemark under the name of „Steinbrut" or Aspergillusmykosis. 

 Howard describes a similar disease from America under the 

 name of „pickled brood" or „white fungous disease". The disease 

 in Sweden was caused by Aspergillus flavus. Attention is called 

 to other species of the same genus that can be thought of causing 

 similar troubles in bee-hives. Finally the fact is pointed out that 

 the toxin producing properties of the moulds perhaps in a still 

 higher degree than the mere presence and growth of the parasite 

 within the host are responsible for the pathological changes brought 

 about. Matouschek (Wien). 



West, C, On Stigeosporium Marattiacearum and the Mycorrhisa 

 of the Marattiaceae. (Ann. Bot. XXXI. p. 77—99. 1 pl. 1917.) 



The author constitutes a new genus, Stigeosporium, with one 

 species, 5. Marattiacearu^n, for a fungus which forms endotrophic 

 mycorrhiza with the roots of certain genera of Marattiaceae {Angio- 

 pteris, Archangiopteris, Kaulfussia, Maraitia). The fungus in myce- 

 lial characters belongs to the Oomycetes, and exhibits many of the 

 essential features of the Peronosporeae. It is remarkable for the pro- 

 duction of large, thick walled resting-spores, in this agreeing with 

 the genus Phytophthora. No sexual reproductive organs are formed, 

 but the difference of habit is regarded as sufificient to exclude this 

 fungus from Phytophthora. 



An unnamed mycorrhizal fungus, which enters into association 

 with the roots of the genus Danaea, is also briefly described. 



The author discusses the biological relations between host and 

 endophyte, and concludes that the advantage of the association is 

 almost entirely on the side of the fungus. 



E. M. Wakefield (Kew). 



