Floristik, Geographie, S^'stemalik etc. 43 



Ihrice the percentage for the whole globe. — Having drawn round 

 the pole the biochores of 20% and 10% Chamaephytes the author 

 on this base distinguishes the foUowing zones: 



1. A cold temperate zone. Hejnicryptophyte-zone, S. of the 

 Biochore of 10*^/o Chamaephytes. 



2. A boreal zone, characterized by Heinicyyptophytes and Cha- 

 niaephytes, between the Biochores of lO^/o and 20'^'/q Chamaephytes. 



3. An arctic zone, Chamaephyte-zone, between the Biochores of 

 207o and 307o Chamaephytes. 



4. An arctic-nival territory, more than SO^o Chamaephytes. 

 Thus the Chamaephytes are the real arctic plant-type, being in 



harmony with the arctic climate. Here, in the high north, the plant 

 has to fight not only against the cold of the air but also in summer- 

 time when the air is comparatively warm. In the arctic countries it 

 is the decreasing summer-warmth which determines the biochores. 

 That this is the case appears from the conformity of the Biocho- 

 res o f 2 OO/q and 1 "^/q Chamaephytes with thejune-isotherms 

 for 4.44° and 10° C, a conformity shown in detail by the author. 



The last chapter deals with the regional plant climates, giving 

 typestatistics from different elevations in the Alps. Caucasus, 

 Tatra. Norway, Scotland and the Faroes. Increasing elevation 

 is Seen the have the same effect as increasing latitude, Chamaepliytes 

 towards the height growing more numerous, Hemicryptophytes being 

 almost constant from a certain altitude, Geophytes and Therophytes 

 disappearing. As an evndence of the parallelism ma3'' be quoted the 

 following: the arctic zone N. of the 200/o Chamaephyte Biochore and 

 the alpine region of the alps above the treelimit, having both a little 

 more than 400 species, show respectively the following percentages 

 of the different t3^pes: Small Phanerophytes 3.5 and 3, Chamaephytes 

 19 and 22, Hemicryptophytes 64.5 and 64, Geophytes 8 and 6, Thero- 

 phytes 3 and 4. 



As shown in this important paper, statistics of life-forms may 

 serve as base for a biological plant-geography. Ove Paulsen. 



Saccardo, P. A., La cronologia della flora italiana. N. P. 

 (Atti Accad. Veneto-Trent.-Istriana. cl. I. n. ser. V. p. 1 — 5. Padova 



1908.) 



L'auteur annonce qu'il vient d'achever un travail patient (dont 

 la publication suivra sous peu). II a cherche ä preciser pour chaque 

 espece ou variete des plantes de la flore italienne, les dates de la 

 premiere decouverte ou des plus anciennes constatations en Italic 

 et le nom du premier observateur. Ce travail, pour lequel l'auteur 

 a tenu compte des donnees fournies par les herbiers et les ouvrages 

 des anciens Aoristes, sera utile pour l'etude des variations et des 

 changements de la flore italienne, soit en ce qui touche les plantes 

 indigenes, soit en ce qui concerne les plantes exotiques cultivees, 

 naluralisees ou adventices. G. B. Traverso (Padova). 



Sylven, N., Thlaspi alpestre L. spontan i Wästergotland. 



(Svensk bot. Tidskr. II. 3. 6 pp. 1908.) 

 Sylven, N., Ytterligare nägra ord om Thlaspi alpestre's före- 



komst inora landet. (Ibid. II. 4. 2 pp. 1908.) 

 Vleugel, I., Mera om Thlaspi alpestre L. (Ibid. 1 p.) 



An den meisten schwedischen Fundorten scheint Thlaspi alpestre 



