128 Angewandte Botanik 



»^ 



The "Mahoganies" are referred to the following species: Khasa 

 senegalensis R. Tuss. , K. grandifolia Stapf., K. Piuichii S\.a.pi., En- 

 tandophragma Candollei Harms and other species, Pseitdocedrela spp., 

 Giiarea Thonip sonii Sprdigne and Hutchinson fCedar Benin Mahogany), 

 Ricinodendvo)i africaniis Muell. Arg., Mirniisops rnidtinervis Baker 

 (Bakum Mahogany), Detariiim senegalensis T. F. Gmel., Carapa pro- 

 cera? as well as other unidentified trees. W. G. Freeman. 



Anonymus. Treatment of the Opium Habit. (Pharm. Journal. 

 March 13, 1909. p. 354.) 



Combretum sundaiciim was recently reported from the Straits 

 Settlements as an anti-opium plant; a society was formed to distri- 

 bute it and the eure of 14.000 people was recorded. 



Evidence given before the commission appointed to inquire into 

 the matters relating to the use of opium in the Straits Settle- 

 ments and the Federated Malay States "leaves little room for 

 doubt that the Statements of the virtue of this plant were without 

 substantial foundation." W. G. Freeman. 



Brenchley, W. E., On the Strength and Development of the 

 Grain of Wheat {Tritiaim vulgare). (Ann. Bot. XXIII. 89. p. 117— 

 141. PI. VIII and IX and five figs. 1909.) 



This investigation on the wheat grain was started with the idea 

 of approaching the question of the "strength" of wheat from a 

 biological Standpoint. The best working definition of "strength" is 

 "the capacit}^ of the wheat to produce a large, well-piled loaf." 



The author's conclusions are as follows: 



1. No cytological differences can be observed between wheat 

 grains of different varieties, grown under similar conditions, which 

 produce flour of varying "strengths." 



2. No cytological differences, indicative of strength, are to be 

 found in the developing grains of one variety of wheat, when grown 

 in the same field, on similar soil, and under the same climatic 

 conditions, but subject to radical differences in manuring 



3. The reputed difference in strength between grains of the 

 same variety, grown under the same conditions, but cut "green" 

 and "dead ripe", is not associated with any significant cytological 

 change. 



In following the development of the endosperm it was found 

 that deposition of starch grains begins in the middle of the flanks 

 of the endosperm at the lower end of the grain , and proceeds up- 

 wards and outwards. During the process of maturation, disorgani- 

 zation of endosperm nuclei takes place, caused by the increasing 

 pressure of the surrounding food substances. The nuclei lose their 

 nucleoli, become deformed, and finally appear as very fine networks 

 spread out between the intruding starch grains. 



Examination of the different grades of flour obtained during the 

 variöus processes of roller milling, show that the cells ol the 

 aleurone layer very rarely get into the flour, but remain attached 

 to the bran in small sheets. A. Robertson. 



Ausgegeben! M A.ugust,us 1Ö09. 



Verlas: von Gustav Fischer iu Jena. 

 Buchdruckerei A. W. Sijthoff in Leiden. 



