Angewandte Botanik. 491 



the aerial stem in regard to the development and function of the 

 interfascicular tissue in seedlings, and mature specimens; the inter- 

 fascicular cambium produces only leptome and libriform in the 

 seedling, but secondary collateral mestome-strands in mature speci- 

 mens. Moreover a true interfascicular cambium occurs only in the 

 basal portion of the first internode, near the surface of the soil, 

 while a procambium was observed in the apical part of this same 

 internode, as well as in the superior internodes of floral and purely 

 vegetative shoots. Stomata occur on both faces of the leaf, but are 

 most numerous, however, on the dorsal. The chlorenchyma consists 

 of a Single Stratum of short, plump palisades, covering four laj^ers 

 of irregulär, more or less branched cells representing the pneumatic 

 tissue. A very Singular structure is exhibited by the midrib, which 

 is composed of five collateral mestome-bundles arranged in an 

 almost circular band, with the hadrome in the center, thus imitating 

 a Stele. Theo Holm. 



Holm ,T., Medicinal plants ofNorth America. 2 7. Euphorbia 

 Ipecacuanha L. (Merck's Report. XVIII. p. 115—118. fig. 1—14. 

 May 1909.^ 



The ofificinal Ipecacuanha or Ipecac is yielded b}' Cephaelis Ipe- 

 cacuanha { Riibiaceae) , but for a time it was thought that this species 

 of Euphorbia was the actual source of the drug. Like all the other 

 species of the genus. E. Ipecacuanha yields a milk}^ juice, and the 

 large root contains a fixed oil, resin, starch, glucose, and various 

 salts. of these the resinous matter is a dark mass, of a taste slight 

 at first but after a time nauseous and pungent. The resin is known 

 as Euphorbon. Several points in regard to the external structure 

 have, so far, been overlooked, for instance the presence of a perianth 

 in the pistillate flower; the presence of minute stipules, and finall)'" 

 the Position of the leaves in the seedling, which are opposite without 

 being decussate, beside that the basal leaves are mostly alternate. 

 In this way our species represents actually a transition between 

 Ani?,ophyUiim and Tithynxahts. The very large root owns it thickness 

 to the broad secondary cortex, while no pith is developed. There 

 are many interfascicular strata of cambium, and scattered Strands of 

 heavih?- thickened stereome accompany the vessels, and the paren- 

 chymatic rays. A notable difference in structure was observed in 

 the stem-internodes. consisting in the presence of a typical pericycle 

 in the aerial, and in the presence of internal stereome in the sub- 

 terranean. No endodermis, and no pericycle Avas found in the 

 subterranean internodes, thus the pith passes insensiblj^ over into 

 the cortex between the mestome-strands. In the leaves stomata 

 are most abundant on the ventral face, and the chlorenchj^ma 

 shows one layer of high palisades on the dorsal face, andtwo layers, 

 but lower, on the ventral; to this may be added that the leaves are 

 held in an almost vertical position. The laticiferous ducts are descri- 

 bed and figured. 



Ipecac Spurge and Wild Ipecac are the populär names of this 

 plant, which is common in sandy soil, near the coast, from Con- 

 necticut to Florida, also in southern Indiana. Theo Holm. 



Holm, T., Medicinal plants ofNorth America. 28. Chimaphila 



