228 Anatomie. 



Lee, E., Observations on the Seedling- Anatom yof cer- 

 tain Sympetalae. I. Tubiflorae. (Ann. Bot. XXVI. 103. p. 727—746. 

 1 pl. S'diagr. textfig. Julj^ 1912.) 



The author gives a Short historical summary of the work done 

 on the seedling anatomy of Dicotyledons. Descriptions are given 

 of the transition phenomena of seedlings belonging to the Natural 

 Orders Convolvulaceae, Polemoniaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Boragmaceae, 

 Lahiatae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae , Bignoniaceae and Acanthaceae. 

 In all these Orders, except the Convolvulaceae and some Bignonia- 

 ceae, the method of transition conforms to van Tieghem's Type 

 3; and the larger seedlings possess a tetrarch root. A modification 

 of van Tieghem's Type 2 is shewn in Convolvithis tricolor, var. 

 ■major, and the Anemarrhena type occurs in Incarvillea Delayvei, 

 vv^hile a connecting link between these two last mentioned types 

 is given by Convolvulus tricolor. 



In the smaller seedlings the transition region is short and takes 

 place in the Upper part of the hypocotyl, but in the larger seedlings 

 the region is extended. 



Internal phloem occurs in nearly all the Solanaceae and Con- 

 volvulaceae examined, its absence in some seedlings is probably due 

 to the incomplete development of the tissues. 



The author shortly discusses the bearing of his observations — 

 more especially the occurrence of the Anemarrhena t3^pe — on the 

 various phylogenetic theories based on, or influenced by seedling 

 anatomy. The presence of the Anemarrhena type of transition in the 

 Cactaceae was stated to have considerably weakened the evidence 

 on which Sargant's "fusion" hypotheses was based; and the author 

 concludes that its discovery in the highly evolved Tuhißorae has 

 placed "Sargant's view that the various monocotyledonous and 

 dicotyledonous types of seedling anatomy were all originally derived 

 from the Anemarrhena type beyond the region of probability." 



E. de Fraine. 



McAlpine, D., The fibro-vascular System of the Apple 



(pome) and its functions. (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales. 



XXXVI. 4. p. 613-625. 5 pl. 1912.) 

 McAlpine, D., The fibro-vascular system of the Fear 



(pome). (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales. XXXVL 4. p. 656—663. 



4 pl. 1912.) 

 In these two papers the structure of the "skeletons" of these 

 fruits is elucidated. In the Apple two vascular bundles are developed 

 in connection with each carpel. These ten Strands enter the fruit 

 from the stalk and give off branches to the outer and inner faces 

 of the seed cavity to supply the seeds. The Strands proceed out 

 towards the skin and repeatedly divide and anastomose into a vas- 

 cular network which envelopes the flesh about a quarter of an inch 

 from the surface, giving off miiiute branches which reach to the 

 skin. The main Strands come together again at the eye, and pass 

 out into the calyx, corolla and stamens. The vascular bundless play 

 a great part in the nutrition of the fruit and also in providing 

 a firm support for the mass of pulp which would otherwise inevi- 

 tabl}^ collapse. In the Fear five of the primary bundles are opposite 

 the carpels each giving off an internal Strand which supplies the 

 outer surface of the carpel. The other five bundles alternate and 



