370 W. Wen dl er: Chemische Physiologie 1917—1919 [H4 



723. Moore. William and Williaman, J. J. S t u d i e s in greenhouse 

 fumigation w i t h hydrocyanio a c i d : physiological e f f e c t s 

 oii the plant. (Journ. Agric. Res. 11, 1917, p. 319 — 338; mit 11 Fig. und 

 1 Taf.) — Conclusions: „From the data presented it inay be stated that plant s 

 subjected to liydrocyanic acid fumigation absorb more or less of the gas; thai 

 the immediate effect of the presence of this poison is a reduction in the 

 aetivity of the oxidases and catalase, and. hence, in respiratory aetivity. Re- 

 sulting from this is an inhibition of photosynthesis and translocation of carbo- 

 hydrate, and a closing of the stomata. Another result is an increase in the 

 permeability of the leaf septa, which causes less rapid intake of water from 

 the stems and more rapid cuticular transpiration. In cases of mild fumigation 

 this results in merely a temporary wilting; in more severe fumigations the 

 wilting is followed by disintegration and death of the tissues. This inereased 

 permeability is no doubt due to the reduced respiratory aetivity. B u d g e 1 1 

 has shown that changes in the permeability in protozoa treated with Cyanid are 

 similar to those produced by lack of oxygen. Within a few hours after 

 fumigation the oxidase aetivity has returned to normal, while the catalase and 

 the respiratory activities have exceeded the normal. By this time the recovery 

 of photosynthetic action is first apparent; complete recovery, however, of this 

 and of translocation of food material is not attained before from two or three days. 

 Respiration remains above normal for several days. If the increase in per- 

 meability is not so severe as to cause the death of the tissues, recovery is 

 followed in many cases by a rate of growth and of fruit produetion (in the 

 tomato) in excess of the normal. Hence, in greenhouse practice it is unwise 

 to condemn injured plants too quickly. The Stimulation of growth may be 

 due at. least to two factors — namely, to the inereased aetivity of the catalase 

 which Zieger found to be proportional to general metabolic aetivity in 

 animals, and to the inereased permeability of the cell walls, allowing readier 

 exchange of food materials and of gases. It is very improbable that the extra 

 nitrogen of the cyanid has anything to do with inereased nutrition as is 

 suggested by Woodwor t h in the case of scale insect eggs. — In short, 

 then, the primary effect of the presence of liydrocyanic acid in a plant is a 

 disturbance of the oxidase and catalase activities. All other physiological 

 effects appear to be secondary to these." 



724. Nemec, Anton. Über die Verbreitung der G-lyzero- 

 phosphatase in den Samenorganismen. (Biochem. Ztschr. 93, 

 1919, p. 94 — 100.) — Die Glyzerophosphatase ist im Organismus ruhender 

 Samen weit verbreitet. Die Samen der Cerealien können nur geringe Mengen 

 von Glyzerinphosphorsäure zersetzen, größere Mengen dagegen in aufsteigen- 

 der Reihenfolge: Lupine, Bohne, Linse, Erbse, Rizinus, Raps, Rettich, Senf, 

 Sojabohne. Die Samen verlieren durch die Siedehitze die Fähigkeit, Glyzerin- 

 phosphorsäure zu zersetzen. 



725. Neuberg. Carl. Über eine allgemeine Beziehung der 

 Aldehyde zur alkoholischen Gärung nebst Bemerkung 

 über das Koferment der Hefe. (Biochem. Ztschr. 88, 1918, p. 145 

 bis 204.) 



726. Neuberg, Carl und Färber. Eduard. Über das Vorkommen 

 emulsinartiger von den Hefezellen abtrennbarer Fer- 

 mente in den untergärigen Hefen sowie das Fehlen von 

 Myrosio in Berliner Ober- und Unterliefen. (Biochem. Ztschr. 



