92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Inachia. Then comes the 5th coitus, Elymnias, placed by Kirby in his 

 3rd sub-family (the Vanessans being in the 8th) and next follow more 

 Vanessans, viz., Araschnia Prorsa. And between Pyrameis and Poly- 

 gonia stand Precis, Anartia, Temenes (which includes a Satyrid), Junonia, 

 Apatura, Historides (which last is composed of the species Orion and 

 Marchesius, totally out of place here, and put by Kirby in the 98th and 

 1 nth genera, 8th sub-family, Vanessa being 22nd). That is, according 

 to Hubners notions, all these intervening species were nearer Cardui and 

 Atalanta than were C album and Polychloros and Antiopa. Polygonia 

 embraces 4 species, among which are C Album and Progne. One of the 

 rest, C Aureum Linn., under its other name, Angelica Cramer, is also a 

 member of the next coitus, Eugonia, classed with Polychloros and 

 Antiopa, as much at home in one coitus as the other, and a 2nd species 

 of Eugonia, Polynice, is placed by Kirby in Rhinopalpa Feld. 



The coitus Apatura is quite another thing from Apatura Fab., the 

 genus recognized by Kirby and all authors, Hubner having had the habit 

 of appropriating names right and left from any author accessible," and 

 with no credit, using them in altogether other senses than the original. 

 Under it stand 12 species, 6 of which are put by Kirby in Precis Hub., 

 24th genus of Nymphalinae, 1 inCymothoe Hub., the 89th, 1 in Siderone^ 

 the 1 nth. But the name Cymothoe is not in this Stirps Hamadryades, 

 being borrowed from 7th Stirps Najades. It must be borne in mind that 

 in every case where a species is taken from one coitus and credited to a 

 genus named from another coitus, violence is done to Hubner's arrange- 

 ment, and his system, even while made use of, openly condemned. 



The 7th Stirps, Najades, comprises another lot even more mixed than 

 the 6th. The 1st family, 2nd coitus, is Callianira, 1 species only, 

 Ephestion Stoll. (our species Ursula), put by Kirby in Limenitis Fab., 

 with the European species Sibilla and Camilla, which in the Verz. stand 

 in coitus Limenitis, separated from the other by 4 families and 20 coitus! 

 And in these 20 coitus are species belonging to all sorts of unrelated 

 genera, Ageronia, Phyciodes, Colaenis, Siderone, etc., etc., all nearer to 

 Ursula, from the Hubnerian point of view, than Sibilla was. Why ? 

 Because Ephestion is " dusky below, banded and spotted with yellow,'' 

 while Sibilla is " blackish brown, pale banded below, partly blue, the 



* Thus the coitus Hesperia is one of the Napaeae, as is also coitus Lycaena. 

 Hubner proceeded in all respects as if he were the first and only systematist who 

 had treated of the Lepidoptera. 



