THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 



iinmanis with distant collectoi">, (T/nv/w/Zit^dr/^i often accompanied the former 

 as representative of the locality, confirming the fact that we have here a 

 general and ])referred food-plant. But why has this larva been overlooked 

 so long, especially where Hop is raised for a business, and where the work 

 of iinmanis is so well known and deplored ? It seems exj'l linable onlv in 

 that the circuvilucens larva has been mistaken for the other, and its 

 transformation never fully observed. 



But while exploiting the doings of the gall-dwellers, a watch for the 

 regulation procedure of immanis at the root was kept up, and while no 

 larvae or indications of their work appeared, a pupa occurred at the base 

 of one vine, and a female imago on the same occasion was disturbed in the 

 foliage. At this time the gall larva had just passed the final moult, and it 

 appeared there must be great irregularity somewhere. So the final results 

 were not quite so unexpected, the sur|)rise being that the species should 

 prove the very evasive circuniliicens. 



During the two succeeding years the life-history has been fully 

 observed, one of the cii;iracteristic features brought out being the early 

 emergence of the imago and the very short time which elapses at this 

 jieriod. Thus in 1905 a lot of twenty-two examples emerged in four days 

 in the following order : two, sixteen, one arid three respectively for the 

 ])eriod named, and the same concerted appearance was noted in the brood 

 of the succeeding year. With nitela, representing an opposite extreme, 

 the emergence would likely run liirouuh twenty days in this number of 

 examples. Under such circumstances, as might be expected, ova are 

 deposited the first night, and are placed in clusters of three to six. Their 

 form is spherical, flattened at the microjjyle so this diameter is one sixth 

 less than a lateral measurement, and agrees with its congeners in sculpture 

 and colour. The eggs are placed on and about the base of the vines, in 

 any sufficient crevice, and pass the winter in this stale. On May 28, 1905, 

 the newly-hatched larvaj were observed at 10 a.m. ascending the vines and 

 taking up their quarters, well toward the tip, where the parts are tender. 

 At this date vines have grown six feet or more, and occasionally three or 

 four larvse locate in one stalk without serious detriment to its growth. 

 The plant immediately notices the intrusion, however, in that the gall-like 

 swelling at once begins. Sometimes a leaf petiole is entered, and then 

 there is trouble shortly, the leaf withers, its stem turns yellow, and the 

 larva makes a change of base to more stable territory, further on u|i the 

 stalk Crowing so rapidly as does the Hop, every few days offers a |)oint 

 of vantage at an increase of stem, so that a larva subsequently ascending 



