THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 



Very gradually the pupal skin hardened and became opaque; a dusky 

 appearance was first noted about 4.30 o'clock, and at 6 o'clock this had 

 deepened to light brown, with scattered spots of darker brown showing 

 here and there. The number of the latter increased rapidly until 7.15 

 o'clock, when the pupa may be said to have attained its final characters. 



In studying the chrysalis of this species I have had five specimens for 

 comparison with twenty-two irus chrysalids, and from the material at hand 

 I have been unable to discover any constant characters by which the two 

 could be differentiated. The outline and general proportions differ in 

 both with the sex of the inclosed insect, the female pupa being a trifle the 

 larger, and relatively broader across the thorax. Of the two female 

 augustus pupae before me, neither is as lafge as the majority of female irus 

 pupae ; but one of the latter is quite as small as either of the former. 

 Perhaps the most obvious character, coloration, would be thought to 

 present dependable criteria. This is, however, too variable to be of use ; 

 the chrysalis secured in 1903 was properly described as "dull reddish- 

 brown, profusely sprinkled with pitchy-brown spots and irregular blotches 

 less numerous .... on the wing-cases than elsewhere." I have 

 represented in the plate a chrysalis which shows the maculation heavier 

 on the wing-cases than elsewhere The colour of the spiracles is also of 

 no value ; in some cases they are straw-yellow and conspicuous, in others 

 brown like the ground colour, and in others black. The character and 

 distribution of the hairs (not shown in the figures) is the same in both 

 species, as is also the '■ raised reticulation " covering the whole surface. 

 There is no "slender dorsal ridge " on the thorax. 



THE PRESERVATION OF P.\PERED SPECIMENS. 



The loss of antennae and other damage to papered specimens and the 

 trouble of sorting out those desired when the papers are placed loose in a 

 box, led me to devise ways and means of protecting them from damage. 

 Thinking that some of our readers might be interested in a method of 

 keeping specimens \\\ good shape, I will describe how it may be done : 

 Secure some shallow cigar boxes and cut pieces of card to fit loosely, 

 over the card place a narrow strip of strong paper, about two inches from 

 one end, and then other strips at about equal distances. . The paper 



