THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 



white, after about twelve days they turn purplish, and in nineteen days 

 (in September and October) the young caterpillars eat their way out of 

 the eggs. 



When first hatched they are reddish-brown, with dark heads, slender, 

 hairy, and very active. They at once begin to spin a silken thread where- 

 ever they go. When full grown the caterpillar is three-quarters of an 

 inch in length, slender and cylindrical ; of a greenish-white, but pink 

 where the skin overlaps. The head is reddish-brown. Upon the segment 

 next to the head, and on the last segment, are two chitinous plates of a 

 honey-yellow colour, known, respectively, as the thoracic and anal 

 shields. Along the sides of the body are four rows of dark piliferous 

 tubercles, the most distinct of which are those upon segments 2, 3 and 

 13. These tubercles are arranged in four series, as follows : — Subdorsal 

 (two on each segment, from 5 to 12), lateral, substigmatal, and supra- 

 ventral. The substigmatal series is double throughout, each tubercle 

 bearing two bristles, separated a little at the base. On segments 3, 4 and 

 13 the subdorsal and lateral series are represented by a single double 

 tubercle instead of two separate tubercles, as on the other segments. 



These tubercles are small but distinct, the dark colourmg is in the 

 form of a cloud round the bases of the bristles. On the anterior section 

 of segment 13, the two subdorsal rows of tubercles are joined by a dark 

 cloud, and there is a large double conspicuous tubercle in the lateral area, 

 When full-grown the caterpillars crawl to some crevice or corner and en- 

 close themselves in close cocoons, into which they spin particles of flour 

 dust, or any other material at hand. The chrysalis is honey-yellow at 

 first, but turns darker as the moth matures within it. In about three 

 weeks the moths appear, pairing takes place and eggs are laid within 24 

 hours. 



Remedies. — As to remedies, these will have to be applied according 

 to circumstances. In the attack above referred to, all machinery was 

 brushed and subjected to a blast of super-heated steam. Fumigation, with 

 sulphur and chlorine, was also lesorted to. The experience of all who 

 have had the misfortune of being visited by this pest is, that the only safe- 

 guard is scrupulous cleanliness. In Canada, where we have several 

 months consecutively of severe winter weather, there should be no very 

 great difficulty in keeping this pest down if millers will only recognize 

 the danger of being indifferent. It is hardly probable that cold will kill 



