280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 



RECENT CANADIAN PUBLICATIONS. 



(Continued from page 263.) 



The Apple Maggot.— By L. Caesar, B.A., B.S.A., Provincial Entomologist, 

 and W. A. Ross, B.S.A., Entomological Branch, Dominion Department of 

 Agriculture. Bull. 271, Fruit Branch, Ont. Dept. of Agriculture. Pp. 

 1-32, with 17 figures in text. 



The investigation upon which this excellent bulletin is based was com 

 menced in 1911, when the apple maggot was abundant in many parts of Ontario, 

 and has been continued during each succeeding year. It contains a detailed 

 account of the life-history of this insect, with full data on its seasonal history, 

 habits, distribution, influence of environmental factors and methods of control. 

 Although normally the life cycle is completed within a year, a certain num- 

 ber of pupae remain in the soil during a second winter, the flies emerging the 

 following summer. There is also in the warmer parts of Ontario a partial 

 second brood in some seasons, though a very insignificant one. The time of 

 emergence of the flies, which begins as a rule about the first week in July, and 

 continues throughout most of August, is not influenced by the time of pupa- 

 tion, i. e., flies from pupa from early varieties of apples do not appear to emerge 

 any sooner than those from later varieties. 



Natural control seems to depend mainly upon weather factors, parasites 

 being apparently of very minor importance. Hardening of the soil surface, 

 as a result of heavy rains followed by drought, may either prevent the flies from 

 emerging or the larvae from pupating beneath it, and large numbers may perish 

 in these ways. 



Much variation exists in the susceptibility of difl^erent varieties of apples 

 and crabs to infestation. 



The most effective control measures are found to consist in spraying with 

 arsenicals, the mixture recommended being arsenate of lead paste, 2^/2 lbs. to 

 40 gallons of water, without any molasses or other sweetening. ' ' The first applica- 

 tion should be given as soon as the flies begin to emerge, so that they may be 

 killed before they can lay eggs," the proper date of application in an average 

 season varying according to the district, from June 25, in the warmest parts 

 of the province, to July 7 in the more northerly localities. A second applica- 

 tion should be made as soon as the first shows signs of disappearing, and a third 

 may be necessary if heavy rains should wash off the second, and is recommended 

 in all cases the first year after a bad infestation. 



Good figures from original photographs are given to illustrate the dif- 

 ferent stages of the insect and its work on the apple. 



Report of the Provincial Museum of Natural History for the Year 

 1918, Province of British Columbia. ^ — Victoria, 1919. Pp. T 1-16, 

 with 2 plates. Entomology. By E. H. Blackmore. 



Mr. Blackmore's article constitutes the greater part of the report (pp. 

 6-13), and consists chiefly of notes on the occurrence of unconmion insects 

 taken in British Columbia during the season of 1918. These include 12 species,' 

 belonging to several orders, that were described as new during the year, and a 



