THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213 



America" (not, be it observed, in one part of it, but everywhere) " // is 

 single-h'ooded (not double-brooded, as asserted by Mr. Riley), the butter- 

 flies hibernating. It leaves its winter quarters later in the season than 

 other hibernating butterflies, and continues upon the wing until yuly and 

 August^ laying eggs all the time, so that the insect may be found in its 

 earlier stages Uhroughotit most of the summer''; and '' the perject insect lives 

 a full year, mingling o?i the wing with its own progeny, and loitnessing the 

 decay and renewed growth of the plant which nourished it." That is to 

 say : the caterpillars of Archippus which may be found throughout most 

 of the summer come from the eggs of these old hibernating females, and 

 not from young females of a new generation. These last are compelled 

 to go over winter before they can lay eggs. It follows that females 

 hatched from the early eggs of one season must or may exist till the close 

 of the following season, and therefore live not merely a full year, but a 

 year plus the time from June tUl September. 



I knew enough of Archippus to be assured that it had a history in no 

 way peculiar in respect to its propagation. No butterfly on earth has a 

 habit such as is above stated, and the author would seem to have had in 

 his mind something quite outside of lepidoptera. But that I might be 

 able to speak with precision, I carefully made observations reaching 

 through the whole season of 1878, and which I have just recited herein. 

 These were published at length in Psyche, Dec, 1878, and showed con- 

 clusively that in one part of North America the hibernating females came 

 early from their winter quarters, began to lay eggs at first sight of the food 

 plant, and were extinct soon after. Therefore that the hibernating female 

 was not laying her eggs all through the summer, and did not give birth to 

 the succession of fresh butterflies of that season. But it was clearly 

 shown that the eggs of the hibernating female produced the first gener- 

 ation of butterflies, and that females of the first produced the second, the 

 second the third, and so to the end. 



I was considerably more surprised, therefore, on reading Mr. Scudder's 

 recent book, " Butterflies," 1881, on page 136, to find this story repeated 

 word for word, with no allusion to my published history or to the obser- 

 vations of Mr. Riley or any other person, and with no verification on the 

 author's part or data whatever. The first account might have been 

 excused in an author of restricted experience in the field, contriving in 

 his closet a theory which should explain imperfectly observed phenomena, 

 but what shall be said of its subsequent repetition, without note or com- 



