26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



NOTES ON THE LARVA OF PANTOGRAPHA LIMATA, Grote. 



BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, STATE COLLEGE, ORONO, ME. 



On the 27th of September, 1882, while riding through Mt. Hope 

 Cemetery, near Bangor, the leaves on several trees of Basswood (Tilia 

 Americana) were observed to be rolled in a peculiar manner, and to con- 

 tain a green larva with a black head, which I supposed at the time to be 

 that of some Tortricid ; but it quite puzzled me, as it was larger than the 

 larva of any Tortricid in this region with which I was familiar. Miss 

 Murtfeldt, who was riding with me at the time, said that she had seen the 

 leaves of Basswood attacked and rolled in precisely the same manner in 

 Minneapolis, but failed to secure any of the larvcC. 



A large number of the rolled leaves were obtained and brought home 

 from Mt. Hope, but the larger part of the larvae had been destroyed by 

 parasites or had escaped from their domiciles. Miss Murtfeldt took home 

 with her a part of those remaining, but they failed to emerge. Of those 

 which I retained, three pupated, one Oct. loth, and the others a little 

 later. They were kept in a warm room, so that without doubt the results 

 are not the same as would have taken place out of doors. The one which 

 went into the pupa state Oct. loth, emerged Nov. 3rd, and proved to be 

 Pajitographa liinata Gr. A few days later another emerged, but was 

 crippled. The third failed to emerge either then or the following summer. 



I have little doubt that if left to themselves they would have changed 

 to pupse among the leaves on the ground, and remained in this state dur- 

 ing the winter, emerging the next season ; for no thoughtful insect would 

 emerge in such cold weather as we usually have here in November, but 

 the facts must be learned hereafter. 



The larva cuts the leaf across from near the middle of the side, past 

 the midrib nearly an inch, in the larger leaves. This cut, which is about 

 an eighth of an inch wide, first starts directly across the leaf, then curves 

 gradually towards the apex, then back to the former direction, so that the 

 entire cut is nearly in the form of the letter S, somewhat straightened out. 

 The part beyond the cut is rolled over so as to form a cone with the apex 

 towards the base of the leaf, and when enclosing a larva, both ends are 

 turned in, so as to close the openings. In drawing the parts of the leaf 

 together, the larva spins the thread from side to side — from the side of the 

 cone to the surface of the leaf beyond, about forty times in a place before 

 moving to another. The second set of threads, which is from a fourth to 



