48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



to pupate in the same box and to remain together — they will disclose 

 within a day or two of each other ; but whether at the last of May or at 

 some other time, depends on the temperature at which they have been 

 kept. Keep the pupa of the one taken in August at a temperature a few 

 degrees lower than that of the September one, and it will disclose much 

 later, perhaps about the time the offspring of the other are entering the 

 earth. I had one pupa that did not disclose till June of the second year. 

 The time of development seems to largely depend on the temperature that 

 surrounds the pupa — a fact that is well known. 



The coming of a pupa to the surface is the exception, and not the rule. 

 Those of several other earth-inhabiting species do the same when the 

 ground selected or forced on the larvae is unsuitable. This occurs in 

 nature as well as in confinement. Take two parts of sandy loam, such as 

 is used by plasterers, and one part of black, friable soil from the woods ; 

 mix together, put, to the depth of eight inches, in a good sized tin or iron 

 box, and when the larvse disappear cover over with a layer of moss, and 

 then no pupae will come to the surface. 



As soon as the pupa is fully formed it commences a series of gyrations 

 that result in the formation of an earthy cell, roomy, much larger than 

 itself and impervious to ordinary moisture. This prevents it from being 

 crushed by the expansion of the surrounding earth by freezing, and also 

 from shrivehng up by the absorption of its moisture in time of drouth ; or 

 from drowning from excessive wet. In hard ground the larva cannot 

 penetrate deeply, nor make a wide excavation, and in endeavoring to 

 enlarge its narrow surroundings it wriggles itself to the surface, where it 

 stands small chance to survive to the time of disclosure. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. 



BY PH. FISCHER, BUFFALO, N. Y. 



I have often read articles about keeping parasites out of cabinets, and 

 have seen in many entomological papers different remedies suggested to 

 keep them from destroying, in a very short time, even the largest collec- 

 tion. I will now add my own experience, and remedy which always proved 

 to be efficient during my 14 years' collecting, in which time I have not 

 even lost one specimen. It will especially prove of interest to the 



