THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87 



I have often obtained eggs from Lycaena Cotnyjitas, which lays on 

 clover, or from Colias Philodice, on same plant, by tying a bag over the 

 stem as it grew when in blossom, setting a stick in the earth to hold the 

 bag upright. It is here necessary to shade from the sun, as a very short 

 exposure to the direct rays of the sun will kill the butterflies. So in all 

 cases where bags are tied to branches, care must be taken in this respect. 

 It is well to pin paper over the bag, in the direction of the sun, or a piece 

 of cotton cloth. But on account of ants, it is better to have the plant in 

 pot, rather than in ground, and at all events, the eggs should not be left 

 out over night where ants can get access to them. Spiders perhaps are 

 more destructive than ants. Better bring the butterfly into the house, and 

 tie it out again next day. 



Many butterflies lay their eggs in clusters, as do the Melitaeas, from a 

 dozen to an hundred in one patch ; or Apatura to two hundred and more. 

 The Graptas lay their eggs in strings, or singly ; in the former case as 

 many as 7 or 8 standing in a vertical column. G. Interrogationis often 

 lays many eggs on one leaf, but not exactly in cluster, and the young 

 larvae gather into a loose colony. P. Atala/ita lays a single egg on the 

 topmost leaf of a nettle, or Boehni^ria, and the young larva, as soon as 

 out of egg, makes itself a shelter by weaving together the edges of the 

 leaf. P. Huntera lays single eggs on species of Everlasting, and the 

 young larva protects itself very much as does the larva of Atalanta. 

 According to Mr. Scudder, Am. Nat. x., 611, P. Cardui lays single eggs 

 on thistle leaves, and the young larva makes a sort of nest of bits of leaf 

 woven together. Vanessa Antiopa lays its eggs in cluster around the 

 small stem of a willow, and the larvae are gregarious to the last. But 

 most butterflies lay their eggs singly, one egg on a leaf, and often but one 

 egg to the plant. Of all our Papilios, Philenor alone lays in a cluster, a 

 dozen or 20 eggs in rows touching each other, and the larvje feed in rows 

 around the edges of their plant till at least half grown. 



Certain species in larval stage are highly gregarious, as Antiopa already 

 mentioned. So are the Apaturas. The fall brood of A. Clytoji and A. 

 Celtis hibernate after 3rd moult, and gather in a dense cluster on the 

 under side of a leaf of their plant, heads and tails, as close as they can 

 pack. On 21st Sept., I found 165 larvae of Ciyton so collected on one 

 leaf These Apaturas are unprotected by web. Limenitis Disippus and 

 other species spend the winter in cases cut out of the leaves they feed 

 on, one larva to one case, and fitted as nicely as a tailor would fit a coat 



