114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



through safely. When spring comes and the Chelone stems begin to 

 sprout, these larvse come forth and return no more to their old web. They 

 now lie exposed to view on the plant, or on stumps, chips, fallen branches, 

 enjoying the sunshine ; pass two moults, and pupate. The butterflies are 

 sluggish, but are not caught by birds, probably having some quality ob- 

 noxious to smell or taste, and the caterpillars seem to have a similar 

 immunity. I accidentally discovered this season that they will bear con- 

 siderable drowning, having left several in a glass of water for five hours. 

 When I came back all were lying on the bottom of the glass, and I re- 

 moved them to a piece of blotting paper under a tumbler. In another 

 hour every one of them was crawling about, and they afterwards pupated. 

 Melitgea Chalcedon makes a web in which it hibernates, much like that 

 of Fhaetofi, but by the observations of Mr. Wright, it varies the nature of 

 it according as the species lives in the valleys or at high elevation in the 

 mountains. And in the valleys, the caterpillars go to ground to hibernate, 

 while in the mountains they live in the webs. 



Phyciodes Tharos is very near Melitaea Phaeton, and the eggs are laid 

 in clusters, but the larvae do not cover themselves with a web, but lie 

 naked on the leaves, coming together and forming clusters when the moults 

 take place. 



The eggs of Apatura Clyton are laid in large clusters, 200 or more, and 

 the young larvae are highly gregarious but are not protected by a 

 web. After the third moult, in the summer brood, however, they separate, 

 each one living henceforth singly, and then it draws the edges of its leaf 

 together and forms a loose case in which it is hidden. Apatura Celtis, on 

 the other hand, is nothing like so gregarious as Clyton. The eggs are laid 

 in clusters of 5 to 20, so far as I have observed, though in confinement 

 the females may lay in one bunch 50 or more. But the larvae after third 

 moult scatter, and hide themselves as do those of Clyton. 



Grapta Comma, in the larval stage, lives singly on the under side of a 

 hop or nettle leaf, which it draws down till it becomes like the roof of a 

 house, affording complete shelter from rain or snow. On the edges of 

 this roof it feeds, and when the supply fails seeks another leaf Grapta 

 Satyrus has precisely such a habit. But the allied species, G. Interroga- 

 tionis, lies naked on the under side of a leaf, with no effort at further pro- 

 tection, several larvae often on one leaf P. Atalanta is solitary from the 

 start, the egg being laid on the terminal tuft of nettle or its other food 

 plant. The young larva at once stitches the leaf together and lies in a 



