THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 235 



chiefly by the restriction or obhteration of the buff bands and spots on 

 under surface. 



One chrysahs (F), 12 hours old, exposed 26 days, still more changed, 

 and that on both surfaces, by restriction and obliteration of the fulvous on 

 upper side, and the obliteration of both buff and, fulvous on lower side, 

 besides being partially crippled. 



Two chrysalids exposed 28, 29 days, were changed in same manner as 

 F, but were wholly crippled. 



In all, I obtained 14 butterflies from these iced chrysalids, 8 of them 

 changed materially, 6 not at all. 



In all cases the emergence of the butterfly was retarded by the full 

 period of the exposure to cold. The butterflies appeared at from 5 to 7 

 days after the chrysahds were removed from the ice. At same time others, 

 not iced, were coming out at from 5 to 8 days, according as the weather 

 was clear or otherwise. Harrisii is a single-brooded species, and there- 

 fore there could be no such change of form as was brought about in 

 T/iaros ; any changes would be limited to color or shape of markings, and 

 would not be uniform. 



2. Melit/Ea Phaeton. — I had a large number of chrysalids from 

 hibernating larvae which I had raised the year before, and 39 of them were 

 placed on ice (temp. 32°), at various periods from 2 to 34 hours after 

 pupation, and exposed from 10 to 27 days. The emergence of the butter- 

 flies was in all cases retarded, so that the length of the chrysalis stage after 

 removal from the ice was the same as after pupation normally. But no 

 perceptible changes were made in color, nor were any chrysalids killed by 

 the cold. I fully expected to see suffusion and other marked changes in 

 this species. Beautiful variations occur in Phaeton, as in other Melitaeas, 

 in nature, and I cannot but think that another series of experiments, with 

 perhaps a longer exposure to cold, might serve to produce similar vari- 

 ations in the house. 



3. Melit^ea Chalcedon. I had but one chrysalis, which came from 

 a hibernating larva fed by me the previous year. This at 25 hours old 

 was on ice 27 days. The imago died just when ready to emerge, and so 

 far as could be discovered the colors were not affected. This species also 

 is subject to sports, and suffused examples are to be found in nearly every 

 collection of butterflies. 



4. Grapta Comma. On 1st June I placed on ice 2 chrysalids less 



