86 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the leaves, thirteen on the seed-pods, and one on the stem o( the plant. 

 These eggs hatched in about ten days, and the larvte continued to feed 

 until the second instar, when they stopped and hibernated until the following 

 spring. I took a number of rather large larv.ne of this species in August, 

 and the only one that lived pupated in the later part of the month, and 

 emerged the following spring. It is thus evident that, although the adults 

 fly uninterruptedly from June until September, the species hibernates both 

 in the pupal and larval conditions, and not improbably also in the egg 

 stage. Apparently larvae coming from eggs laid in the early summer 

 pupate the same year, and hibernate thus, while those hatching later 

 hibernate as larvas. It is possible that some of the last eggs to be laid do 

 not hatch until the following spring, though I did not observe this. A 

 considerable number of the larv?e which I took had Tachinid eggs on 

 them, but by removing these the larvse were reared successfully. I also 

 obtained a Braconid parasite in the spring from a larva which had 

 hibernated. 



The larvc^e q,{ fulla are attended by a small black ant. I ofien dis- 

 covered larv?e by looking for these ants on the food-plant, for the latvse 

 themselves are very inconspicuous. The ants, as has been observed in 

 the case of various Lycaenids, by Edwards and others, obtain a liquid 

 excreted by a gland on the loih body segment of the larva, and in return 

 probably afford the latter some protection. In fact Edward-:]: noted on 

 one occasion an ant driving an ichneumon fly away from a larva. With 

 fulla the Tachinid flies are probably not interfered with by the ants, as the 

 flies lay their eggs on the larvas in the first and second 

 instars, while the ants do not pay much attention 

 to the latter until they become larger. A pair of 

 eversible sacs (Fig. 4) on the iith segment is also 

 made use of by the larvte, either repelling or attract- 

 ing the ants. Neither these sacs nor the gland on 

 the loth segment have been carefully studied. 

 Several writers, however, have j)ubli5hed descriptions 

 of the external organs, in two or ih^ee cases accom- 

 panied by drawings. Little has apparently been done 

 jn the way of carefully observing the behaviour of 

 the ants toward the larv?e, except by Edwards and one or two others 



iButt. N. A., ii, Lye, H, p. 14 ; Can. Ent., X, 135. 



'li1\l».liP~rTi, 



Fig. 4. — Eversible sac of 

 larva of Lyccena full a. 



