THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ]83 



follows the general plane of the sides of the abdomen." Under the 

 heading Harpes we find the following : " The interior surface of each 

 valve, which, as I have said, is hollow, is the seat of a peculiar organ, 

 which appears to take a very prominent part in the prehensile function. 

 • • • Within the hollow lies a plate of what I presume to be pure 

 chitine, usually as transparent as glass, but tinged with a yellow-brown 

 hue, thickening at various parts, especially at its margins and irregular 



ridges The parts thus thickened are also elevated, not 



merely in the bounding walls and ridges that I have mentioned, but in 

 general by the separating of a portion of the organ from the cavity-floor ; 

 so that this particular part shall be elevated and projected freely into the 

 inclosed space between the valves. And these projected portions either 

 take the forms of curved acute spines, or, more frequently still, are notched 



into sharp teeth standing in serried rows Whatever the form, 



the base is always expanded, often with ridges, spreading over the basal 

 edge of the valve. I have no hesitation in assigning a distinctive epithet 

 to the organ in question ; and it is known throughout this memoir by the 

 term Hat'pe.^'' 



In a footnote, the correctness of which we will comment upon later, 

 Gosse says : '' Dr. White has used the term harpago for the organ which, 

 in the other Rhopalocera appears to represent the valve and harpe wm'i^di. 

 But in the Papilionidse, where these are separate, it is desirable that they 

 should receive separate designations. The terms harpago and harpe are 

 sufficiently distinct ; while they bear a relation to each other not unlike 

 that of the things designated." 



The term Uncus is used for the hook-like tip at the dorsal extremity 

 of the abdomen, tlie tegumen of BuchananAVhite being restricted to the 

 broad basal portion. We further meet with the term Scaphiinn for the 

 first time, this being applied to a ''mass of shining white tissue, apparently 

 in organic union with the lower surface of the uncus near its origin," and 

 shaped like a lower jaw or the keel of a boat. FoUowmg this various 

 articles by Cholodkowsky, Hoffman. Jackson, Backer, Escherich, Pey- 

 toureau, Stichel, Klinkhardt and Poljanec have appeared from time to 

 time. Backer first applied the term Saccus to the chitinous process 

 projecting into the abdomen from the anterior margin of the xii segment, 

 a process already observed by Cholodkowsky. Most of these authors 

 deal largely with the ontogenetic development of the genital organs 

 attempting to bring the results of their investigations in this branch of the 



