264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



habit with the Sphmgina. Consult also, for perhaps the earliest recog- 

 nition of the relationship implied by the habit of pupation between the 

 Citheroiiidce and Sphmgina, my " Notes on the Sphingidae of Cuba," pp. 

 4-5, Phil., 1865. The larviie of atheroma and Eacles have the same 

 peculiarity with the Hawk moths, that they change colour and wander 

 restlessly about in searching for a place of entrance. The habit in pupa- 

 tion of C. regalis is described with interesting original details by Dr. 

 Hamilton, Can. Ent., XXL, loi. I believe the Citheronidoi to be 

 exclusively American. For a note on the geographical distribution of the 

 family, see Can. Ent., XX., 76, 1888. Since, then, the two latter families 

 are absent in Europe, we can only compare the Saturnidce in the two 

 faunee. There are no identical, but probably one "representative" species, 

 the Californian Saturnia niendocino, Behrens. When my good friend, Mr. 

 James Behrens, sent me his MS. and type of the species (Can. Ent., VHI., 

 149), I saw we had to do with a genuine Saturnia. Consult Behrens, 

 Can. Ent., VUL, 175, where the author says: "After examining my 

 type of Saturina mendocino, Prof. Grote considers it a true Saturnia and 

 points out that in its yellow hind wings it resembles 6". Carpini cJ." 

 I may say that had my determination been wrong, a'hd Behrens's beautiful 

 species belonged to an allied genus, say Calosaturnia, Sm., my theory 

 that the California fauna contained some residuary paltearctic types, pre- 

 vented by the mountains from spreading east, would have been damaged. 

 But my determination holds good. I cannot now compare mendocino 

 with the two smaller European forms, the types of Hecera, Hubn., 1806, 

 but it may well be that it " represents " Saturnia pavonia minor, L. I 

 do not know S. galbina, Clem., which Neumoegen and Dyar make the 

 type of Agapema, reversing Prof. J. B. Smith's determination of these two 

 forms. 



The nearest ally of Saturnia in our Eastern fauna is Samia cecropia, 

 L., and I placed this genus next to Saturnia in my classification in Proc. 

 Am. Phil. Soc, 1874, as well as in my Check List of 1882. Mr. Dyar 

 had asked me to examine the larvge of the European Saturnia unknown 

 to him in nature, so as to see whether they agreed with his definition of 

 the family. I did so, and found the tubercles prominent, no single tubercle 

 on ninth segment. I was impressed by the resemblance between the full- 

 grown larva of Saturuia pavonia major with that of our Samia cecropia. 

 I sent Mr. Dyar then the prepared larvie of the two European species in 

 three stages, as his testimony in the matter would relieve my own doubt 



