(liii« €a«a^inxt CtttutUixb^igi 



Vol. Llll. GUELPH, APRIL, 1921. No. 4 



Owino- to the high co:t of production, the Executive Council of the En- 

 tomological Society of Ontario has decided that author's separates can no longer 

 be supplied free of charge, and, if desired, must be paid for at the current rates. 



It will further be necessary to ask authors to bear the entire cost of re- 

 production of all illustrations used in their articles, this to include the cost of 

 coated paper inserts where such are required. 



It is realized that the above course is bound to work a certain amount of 

 hardship on authors and reduce materially the' value of many articles. Since, 

 however, the only alternative — if the Canadian Entomologist is to continue as 

 a publication — would be a considerable increase in the subscription price or a 

 reduction in the size of the journal, it is felt that entomologists generally will 

 favor the above procedure. 



POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 



The Applk Leaf-Crumpler as a Pest of Cotoneaster. 



BY harry B. WEISS, 



New Brunswick, N. J. 



For the past several years this widely distributed species Mineola 

 indiginella Zell.^ which normally feeds on apple, quince, plum, cherry, peach 

 and pear and which is rarely troublesome in well-kept orchards, has been noted 

 as attacking various species of Cotoneaster, notably microphylla and horizontalis 

 in a nursery at Rutherford, N.J. The Cotoneasters are ornamental shrubs, many 

 of them having decorative fruits which remain usually through the entire winter. 

 Some are adapted for rockeries on account of their low spreading or prostrate 

 habit. They belong to the Roseaceae along with the apple, peach, etc. 



The habits of the insect on Cotoneaster are practically identical w^ith 

 those noted on apple. The partly grown reddish brown caterpillars hibernate 

 in a dark colored, elongate, croolced or twisted tube which is sometimes horn- 

 like or cornucopia shaped. These tubes, which are about an inch in length, wide 

 at one end and tapering to a point, are fastened securely to a twig for their entire 

 lengths and are closed at both ends. Sometimes a tube will partly encircle a 

 twig. Many tubes will be found where the branches fork. Each is lined inside 

 with silk and covered outside with particles of leaves, etc. 



In the spring the larvae open the large ends of their cases and web up 

 the foliage somewhat in the vicinity of the cases, later feeding on the leaves, 

 flower buds, etc. Many of them feed on the green bark at the mouths of the 

 cases and sometimes girdle the twigs. This twig eating habit was noted for the 

 first time by Saunders- in connection with injury to fruit trees. As the larva grows 



1. Identified by Mr. Carl Heinrich. 



73 



