74 THE CANAlDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 



it enlarges its case by building additions to the wide end which is always open. 

 The larva becomes full grown about the first or second week of June, loosely 

 closes the opening of its tube with particles of leaves and silk and transforms to 

 a reddish-brown pupa, which stage lasts about two weeks after which the moth 

 appears. There is only one brood annually and eggs deposited during July result 

 in overwintering larva. Most of the larval feeding appears to take place during 

 the night, the larvae remaining in their tubes during the daytime. 



The adult was described by Zeller in 1848 under the name Myelois indigi- 

 iiclla, the habitat being given as North America. The first reference to it in 

 American literature appeared in 1851 in the Prairie Farmer. After this date 

 later notices appeared in the Prairie Farmer and other publications. In 1889 

 Forbes'^ gave an account of the species and a good review of the literature up 

 to that time. Stedman'' and Slingerland and Crosby' state that in the spring, the 

 larvae cut the fastenings of their winter cases and travel with the cases to the 

 opening buds on which they feed. Saunders'' states that when the caterpillars 

 become active in the spring they leave the cases and draw the opening leaves near 

 so that their meals can be enjoyed in safety. He mentions nothing about the 

 case being carried about. On Cotoneaster the overwintering cases or tubes are 

 securely fastened to the twigs for their entire lengths and in the' spring the larva 

 feeds on the foliage and twig bark in the immediate neighborhood of the case. 

 Many specimens were examined but not one was observed carrying its case 

 around. It was noted that larvse which were removed from their cases and 

 placed on foliage away from their homes, constructed new cases in the course of 

 a day or so. 



As only a brief description of the larva was given by Forbes'', the follow- 

 ing is included : — 



Full grown larva. Length about 13 mm. W^idth about 2 mm. Brown 

 or greenish, subcylindrical, tapering slightly posteriorly. Head and cervical shield 

 dark reddish-brown. Head broad, almost as wide as thorax, strongly shagreened, 

 thoracic shield somewhat less so. Ocelli lateral, six in each group, 

 five arranged in a semicircle and one below close to the antenna. Antenna three 

 jointed, penultimate joint dark brown, ultimate joint minute. Thoracic shield 

 occupying the greater part of the dorsal surface of the prothorax and bisected by a 

 pale brown median line, at the end of the shield on each side is a dark brown, 

 irregular area separated from the shield by a light brown line and extending 

 almost the length of the shield ; posterior to this area is a dark oval area enclosing 

 the spiracle. Dorsal surfaces of thoracic segments two and three transversely 

 wrinkled, the former bearing an irregular oval dark spot on either side of the 

 mirldle, each spot containing a small spot from which arises a long white hair. 

 Abdominal segments faintly transversely wrinkled. Dorsal plate of last segment 

 slightly darker than body. Legs and prolegs of moderate size, legs reddish brown, 

 sparsely hairy, hairs comparatively short and white. Head tearing several long. 



2. Can. Ent. July, 1870, vol. II. pp. 126-128. 



3. Fourth Rept. State Ent. 111., pp. 65-74, 1889. 



4. Mo. /Xaric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 36, pp. 73-80, 1896. 



5. Manual Fruit Insects, p. 68. 1914. 



6. Insects Injurious to Fruits, pp. 93-95, 1904. 



7. Loc. cit. 



