82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



logs, chips of wood, or other objects, frequently covered with ice. In the 

 crevices of the rough bark of trees many treasures may be looked for. 

 The cocoons of such species as spin up on the trunks of trees are as a 

 rule very difficult to distinguish from their surroundings because the 

 caterpillars when spinning gnaw off from the surface many particles which 

 they weave in with the silk, giving to the cocoon the exact appearance of 

 the bark of the tree. The Acronyctas and Ceruras, or Kittens, spin 

 cocoons of this nature. A dead leaf hanging on a hawthorn or apple tree 

 may direct our attention to the egg cluster of a Tussock moth, to the 

 larval case of the Apple Leaf-crumpler, Case-bearers or some other small 

 moths. On the fruit spurs or smaller twigs will be seen easily the beauti- 

 ful slender white cocoons of the Apple Bucculatrix, and, by closer search, 

 the short brown pseudococoons of the half-grown larvae of the Eye- 

 spotted Bud-moth, or the similar true cocoons of Nepticula pomivorella 

 may be detected. Much more conspicuous than these, cocoons of some 

 of the large Saturnians or Emperor moths should be found on any after- 

 noon's tramp through the woods or orchards in most parts of Eastern 

 Canada. The larger number of the caterpillars, as a rule, spin up near 

 the ground among grasses or other low growth, but good cocoons, as well 

 as many which have been parasitized, may always be found high up in the 

 trees or bushes. On maples, birches and other trees around the edges of 

 woods the large irregular cocoons of Cecropia will catch the eye, as 

 well as the smooth, oval cocoons of Polyphemus. On lilac bushes in 

 gardens, or on ash trees, sometimes half a dozen at once, the hanging 

 cocoons of Promethea may generally be easily obtained. Strange to say, 

 all of these large cocoons may be more frequently found on shade trees in 

 streets than in the woods. This is possibly owing to the females having 

 been attracted to street lights in the vicinity and having laid their eggs on 

 the trees. 



In passing through an orchard, many eggs of moths, as well as of 

 other insects, will reward the keen observer. The eggs of the Tent Cater- 

 pillar moths will show, when examined under a lens, that the tiny cater- 

 pillars were fully formed and able to move inside the egg-shells before the 

 winter cold set in. If an egg cluster is taken into a warm room and the 

 eggs then opened, the young caterpillars, when taken out, move awkward- 

 ly, like young kittens taken from their warm nest before their eyes are 

 open. ,The eggs of the Cankerworms may also be found with the above, 

 as well as those of many kinds of Aphids. Occasionally a patch of eggs of 

 the predaceous bug, Phymata IVolffii, may be found on a bough. These 

 somewhat resemble those of a moth, but each egg is bottle-shaped and 

 they are gathered together in small clusters of about a dozen or fifteen 



