THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151 



with dark veins. The males are equally abundant with the females, but 

 are not so often observed, from the fact that they are seldom found on the 

 bushes, but fly near the ground and beneath the bushes as if to welcome 

 the females when they emerge from the soil, beneath which they have 

 passed the winter in their snug cocoons. The females are larger than the 

 males, and of a bright honey-yellow color. 



The greenish-white glossy eggs which are about 20 of an inch in length, 

 are laid along the main ribs, beneath the leaves of gooseberries and cur- 

 rants, as shown at Fig. 8(1). As soon as the young larvae hatch, they at 

 once attack the leaves upon which the eggs were laid, and eat small holes, 

 as shown at Fig. 8 (2 and 3). They are very voracious, and their growth 

 is very rapid indeed, little more than a week sufficing for them to pass 

 through all their stages. These characteristics added to the large number 

 of eggs laid by each female, make constant vigilance on the part of the 

 fruit-grower a necessity, or he will find his gooseberry and currant bushes 

 stripped of every leaf in a few days. 



When the young larv;y come out of the eggs, they are about one- 

 twelfth of an inch in length, with large heads and a semi-translucent body. 

 At first they all remain on the same leaf, but as they grow large they 

 separate and spread in all directions over the bush. They are green at 

 first, then dark blueish green, covered with small black dots, each one of 

 which bears a bristle, and lastly, after the last moult, pale green with 

 yellow extremities. 



When full grown they spin smooth oval brown cocoons, which, how- 

 ever, are sometimes of a greenish white colour. Those of the summer 

 brood are generally on or near the surface of the ground, but at a consider- 

 able depth beneath it in the brood which passes the winter inside co- 

 coons. The chrysalis state is assumed at once in the summer brood, and 

 the perfect flies appear in about a fortnight. The autumn brood, how- 

 ever, passes the winter in the larval state inside the cocoons, and the 

 larva; only change to chrysalises a short time before the flies appear in 

 the spring. 



Notv/ithstanding that this insect is attacked by a host of parasitic 

 enemies, it is generally necessary for the fruit-grower to apply active 

 remedies. Of these, " White Hellebore " is the best. One or two ounces 

 of this powder mixed in a little hot water at the bottom of a pail, and then 



