THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



one is dead. In nature I do not believe this species ever hybernates in 

 the chrysalis stage. These butterflies were more completely changed than 

 were those from the chrysalids brought to Coalburgh, as appears by com- 

 parison of the results in the two cases. 



And 1 8 of the chrysalids I had placed on ice, 20th Sept., laying them 

 in a tin box directly on the surface of the ice, the temperature of the 

 house being 40° Far. Part were so placed within three hours 

 after the forming of the chrysalis, and before they had hardened ; others 

 within six hours^ and others within nine hours, and so all remained for seven 

 days, that being the longest summer period of the chrysalis. On remov- 

 ing them from the ice, they seemed to me dead. They were soft, and 

 when they became hard Iiad a shrivelled surface. I brought them to 

 Coalburgh, and discovered no sign of life till 21st Oct., when the weather 

 suddenly became hot, the mercury rising to 87", with a south wind. In 

 two days 15 butterflies emerged, every one rnatxia, not a doubtful form 

 among them in either sex. There were 10 males, 5 females; of the 

 former 5 were of van C, 4 of D, i of B. Of the 5 females, i was van 

 C, 4 of B. The other three chrysalids were dead. All the butterflies of 

 this brood were diminutive, starved by the cold, but those from the ice 

 were sensibly smaller than the others. All the examples of var. B were 

 more intense in the coloring of the under surface than any I ever saw in 

 nature, and the single male was as deeply colored as the females, and this 

 also I never saw in nature. The examples of the other vars. were 

 extreme, but not so unusual. 



So much for the Coalburgh broods, and I am able to compare their 

 behavior with those of the same species in the Catskills. When I went 

 thither in June, arriving on the 1 8th, I found a few male marcia, var. D,flying, 

 no females. This was exactly one month later than the first males had been 

 seen at Coalburgh. The first female was now taken 26th June, and on 

 37 th and 28th I took one female each day, all of them ?Jiarcia, var. C. No 

 more were seen, and no tharos, though I was daily in the fields. So that the 

 first female was 38 days later than the first at Coalburgh. These three 

 females I set on Aster, and two forthwith deposited eggs. The females 

 of this species give fertile eggs when but a few hours out of chrysalis, just 

 as I have shown, Ent., Sept., '76, that Arg. myrina may do. 



The eggs thus obtained I mailed to Coalburgh, and returning soon 

 after, found that they had hatched, 3rd July. The first moult occurred 

 on the 9th, the second on 12th, the third on 15th, the fourth on iSth, and 



