130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



their injuries are considerable, as they attack not only the young leaves, 

 but also the flower buds. The winter curved cases are retained for a 

 short time in spring, and are enlarged by the addition of small pieces of 

 the skin of the leaves attached to the orifice, but after two or three weeks 

 are discarded and another kind of case is made of the same material. This 

 summer case, from which this insect takes its name, is shaped exactly like 

 a miniature cigar. It is brown and very tough ; ihe upper end is con- 

 tracted abruptly into a three-limbed, star-shaped orifice, the lips of which 

 fit closely together. Through this hole the excrement of the caterpillar is 

 ejected, and ultimately the pretty little steel-gray moth will make its exit. 

 The full-grown caterpillars, which are orange coloured, with black heads 

 and dark feet, four millimetres in length, change to dark brown chrysalids 

 inside the cases about the end of June, and the moths appear about three 

 weeks later. 



Remedies : The Cigar Case-bearer, when numerous, is a serious 

 pest of the apple tree, and occasionally also of the pear and plum. The 

 most injury results from the young caterpillars early in spring attacking 

 the unexpanded buds, and later the flower stems, the forming fruit, and 

 the foliage. 



The results of experiments show that this insect can be controlled by 

 spraying with Paris green and kerosene emulsion ; but very thorough and 

 persistent work is necessary. The best results have followed spraying the 

 infested trees very early in the spring with kerosene emulsion, and repeat- 

 ing the operation once or twice at short intervals, four or five days later. 

 The first application may be made with the standard Riley-Hubbard 

 emulsion reduced with only five parts of water. After the leaves expand, 

 the emulsion should be diluted with nine parts of water. Good results 

 have also been obtained by spraying with Paris green (Paris green, i lb., 

 quicklime, i lb., in 200 gallons of water). Now that the operation for 

 spraying fruit trees with different compounds for the destruction of 

 injurious insects and fungi is getting to be generally adopted by the best 

 fruit growers throughout Canada, the only change necessary in the 

 advised methods will be to spray rather oftener where this insect is known 

 to occur. 



