THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247 



The beech, the dogwood (Cormis florida), the hickories, the horn- 

 beam, willows and poplars are suffering more or less from the attacks 

 of this class of bark-borers. These insects are, however, attacked by 

 Braconid and other enemies that may tend to keep them in check ; yet, 

 notwithstanding this fact, they must be considered as among the most 

 dangerous enemies of trees. 



Sassafras and Sumac Twig Girdlers. — The injury to twigs and 

 branches of sassafras and sumac by Cerambycid twig-girdlers has been on 

 the increase for some years in our State, as is a similar trouble affecting 

 the dogwood. I was fortunate enough to find the beetle that is to blame 

 for the interesting double girdles so common on sassafras, which proved 

 to be Oberea ruficoilis. 



Brenthid Injuries to Ruck-Oak Logs. — An interesting observation was 

 made with reference to injuries by Eupsalis miniita to rock-oak {Quercus 

 prifius) logs from which the bark had been removed for tanbark. It 

 was found that the logs bearing the mark of the axe, where they were 

 girdled in the process of removing the bark, were infested with this 

 destructive pin-hole borer, the eggs having been deposited in the axe 

 wounds. Logs that were not injured by the axe were not infested. 

 Since the peeled logs are often left in the forest for a year or more before 

 they are converted into lumber, it is quite important that the sapwood 

 should be injured as little as possible during the process of removing the 

 bark. If the logs are not thus injured they may remain sound and make 

 good lumber for several years after the tree is felled, but if injured as 

 mentioned, the wood may be literally ruined by the Brenthid within one 

 or two years after the bark is removed. 



A Brenthid larva that appears to be quite different from that of 

 E. minuta was recently found boring in the heartvvood of a hickory tree, 

 and the characteristic mines of Brenthid larvae have also been observed 

 in the heartwood of wild cherry {Prttmis serotina) and other trees. 



Hickory Nut Phylloxera. — On December 15th, 1895, I found a 

 large hickory tree which presented quite a striking appearance. The nuts, 

 of which it was very full, had not fallen, and upon closer examination it 

 was noticed that they had assumed a curious abnormal growth, which was 

 found to be the v/ork of a Phylloxera. This is probably the work of 

 Phylloxera carycecaulis or a nearly allied species (mentioned in Illinois 

 Agr. Report, 1878, page 160). 



