52 



THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 



Fig. 3. — Cluster of small, woodv', deformed apples, caused by the feedin<; 

 of Aphids on twigs, leaves and fruit. 



tree seems to be the result of the small amount of food and sap 

 that the fruit and fruit stems receive in consequence of the feeding 

 of the insects on the leaves and new growth of the branch that 

 bears the cluster. Such partial starvation produces tough tissues 

 in stems and fruit. 



Apple Maggot or Railroad Worm. — If the fruit is only 

 slightly infested with this insect it seldom produces any notice- 

 able deformity except the very small depressions where the eggs 

 are laid, but if the infestation is severe almost every apple on the 

 tree maybe rendered unsightly by ridges and bulges on the surface. 

 These are partly the result of numerous egg punctures and partly of 

 the death and therefore failure to grow of tissues here and there 

 just beneath the skin wherever the larvae happened to tunnel when 

 feeding. 



