THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 349 



there is a very satisfactory remedy against the insect, and no man 

 who uses it intelligently need lose a single tree or have his fruit 

 discoloured and rendered unsaleable by the scale. Even the worst 

 infested orchards, provided the trees are not too nearly dead, can 

 be taken in hand and brought back into perfect condition. For- 

 tunately, the spraying necessary for this pest kills several others 

 also, and is very valuable against certain diseases of fruit trees. 



The Codling Moth does no injury to the trees themselves, but 

 attacks the fruit of the apple and pear. It is the insect that causes 

 the apple to be wormy. It is found all over the province and in 

 unsprayed or poorly sprayed orchards does a great deal of harm. 

 In the warm part of the province, where there is a larger percentage 

 of a second brood, the amount of injury to the fruit varies f om 

 40% to 90%. In the colder portions it is less and runs from about 

 5% to 50%. 



We can easily see, therefore, that the growing of clean apples 

 is by no means an easy job. The fact is that insects and fungus 

 diseases make it impossible to grow apples successfully on a com- 

 mercial scale without spraying. It is, however, most gratifying 

 to know that thorough spraying at the right time and with the 

 right mixtures (see the Spray Calendar) not only completely 

 controls these two insects, but practically all other orchard insects 

 and diseases; so that in an average year it is not uncommon to 

 find orchards in any of the fruit districts where over 95% of the 

 fruit is free from insect injuries or fungus diseases. 



We shall not devote further attention to orchard insect pests, 

 but pass on to a brief discussion of the common insects of field 

 crops. 



The chief insects attacking such crops are grasshoppers, 

 •cutworms (including the army worm), wireworms and white grubs. 

 These are familiar insects to almost every one. Each kind is 

 capable of doing an enormous amount of injury, the amount 

 depending partly upon the weather conditions. For grasshoppers 

 we have at last in the so-called "Kansas Remedy" found a most 

 satisfactory and cheap remedy, so that no crop need be severely 

 injured by these insects if the owner uses this treatment. The 

 same remedy, sometines, however, with slight modifications, will 

 usuallv prove quite satisfactory against cutworms and army worms. 



