372 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



b Without wing-cases. 



With mealy wings — butterflies and moths (Alis fare- 



naceis) . 

 With membranaceous wings — bees, flies {Alis mem- 



hranaceis) . 

 With two wings. 

 With four wings. 

 Gregarious {Gregaria) . 

 I Making honey — bees (MeUifica) 



Not making honey {Non mellifica) 



Solitary {SoUtaria). 



Bee-formed {A piform ia) . 



W' asp-formed (Vespiformia). 



Butterfly-formed (Papilioniformia) . 



With an ovipositor {SeticaudcB sen Triplia). 



swammerdam's system. 



Swammerdam, Jan (1637-1680), Dutch naturalist. 

 I. Transformations immediate, the insects being hatched per- 

 fectly formed — fleas, spiders, etc. 

 II. Transformations taking place under a covering — locusts, 

 crickets, bugs, dragon-flies, may-flies. 

 III. Transformations with a pupa-case intermediate — beetles, 

 wasps, saw-flies, gnats. 

 Transformations in the pupa state obtected — moths, butter- 

 flies. 

 IV. Transformations in the pupa state coarctate — ichneumons, 

 flies, etc. 



VALLISNIERl's SYSTEM. 



Vallisnieri, Antonio (1661-1730), Italian entomologist. 



Vallisnieri arranged insects into the four following groups: 

 Plant insects. Water insects, Insects inhabiting earthy or mineral 

 substances and Insects inhabiting living animals. 



LINNAEUS' SYSTEM. 



Linnaeus, Carl von Linne (1707-1778), Swedish botanist. 



