THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGI&T. 175 



of the basal part of the scnpu';. The ba^^al spar is rehuively short, in most 

 more or less uncate distally, and extending out nearly at right angles to 

 the Scopus. The scopus may be short and stout, relatively wide, as P. 

 lapidicina, brtuinea and Calif ornica ; in other cases it may be long, 

 as in P. Ei7iertoni and Banksi.* In P. sternalis and P. minima, etc., the 

 scopus curves freely forward and outward to or beyond the outer margin 

 of the alveolus, and is of nearly the same width throughout its length. 



In Lycosa the scopus is transverse and essentially exterior in position. 

 It is free only apically. Toward its base, /. <?., mesally, it flattens 

 out in plate-like form, and is usually covered over by the extended basal 

 fold. It lies immediately back of the lectus. Below its apex it is always 

 ]:)rovided with a more or less retrorsely directed and variously pointed 

 process, " spur " or barb, which is often conspicuously salient. The 

 apical process itself may also be salient, or in other cases it may not rise 

 above the side of the alveolus. In some species the scopus is compara- 

 tively small, and almost concealed at the side of the bulb both in side and 

 ventral views. 



In Pirata the scopus is borne in a median position, but distinctly 

 fiirther forward than in Pardosa, being attached by its base to the front 

 face of the basal lobe, and projecting freely forward to or beyond the front 

 margin of the alveolus. The scopus is broad from side to side. The base 

 of the scopus is always extended transversely on the exterior side into a 

 well-developed branch, which in most has the front angle at its free end 

 produced anteriorly in varying degrees. The basal portion of the scopus 

 is thus very broad ; and it nearly always completely conceals the com- 

 paratively small embolus from sight. The principal branch of the scopus 

 is typically very wide proximad, narrowing gradually distad, and running 

 more or less to a point, the branch distally curving in some degree 

 outward; i. e., in the same direction as the basal process fCf. 

 Wacondaiia, insidaris, etc.). A process or spur may be borne 

 upon the main branch above its lower part, either at the outer 

 side or upon the inner (i. e., dorsal) face. There is such a spur 

 in the latter position, for example, in P. insularis, which may be detected 

 only when the palpus is viewed obliquely or from the side. The scopus 

 is less deeply chitinized than in Pardosa and Lycosa. The conductor is 

 but little developed. 



*New names for /a/Z/i/fl, Em., and littoralis, Bks., respectively, which are pre- 

 occupied. 



