20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



connect the former equally well with piisilla. A number of our North 

 American forms now appear as subspecies of Mexican type. In other 

 cases the names we have been using are simply displaced by older ones, 

 vulgaris going by the name iraiiqucharica, Hbst., modesia becoming 

 obscura^ Say. So many changes of one kind and another are made that 

 the American student should by all means see the work in its entirety. 

 To the reviewer, it appears that Dr. Horn has worked with a much clearer 

 appreciation of the subject than any of his predecessors, and, while one 

 may not agree with him in every detail, it is imi:)ossib]e to overlook the 

 fact that the student of the family as a whole is much better fitted for 

 classificatory work than the entomologist who confines himself to a 

 limited fauna. 



The arrangement of the subfamilies and genera is based upon 

 phylogenetic theses, which are of sufficient interest to sketch out here- 

 Briefly stated, the line of descent is indicated thus — the deductions being 

 made upon structural and geographical grounds alone, the geological 

 record being silent. 



The first forms of a Cicindelide nature arose in the Ethiopian tropics 

 from a Carabidous stem. These apterous primitive Cicindelide were 

 allied to the recent types of Platychilidas and PalceomantichoridaB, and to 

 them the name Protomantichorid* is applied. The Protomantichoridae 

 spread westward to America, their descendants later pushing out to the 

 north and south, These forerunners of the Neomantichorida; led to the 

 development of the Prototetrachidai, which were then distributed circum- 

 zonally along the equator. 



Complicated characters of vestiture appeared later. Next, in part 

 through partial decoloration and partly by irregular disposition of the 

 hairs, false patterns were formed on the elytra, whose equivalents are to be 

 seen in the now dominant pigmental patterns. 



A further step led to the development of the Protoeuryodidae, which 

 likewise inhabited the entire tropics. Among these was first developed a 

 high power of flight. Now appeared the arboreal forms. Types of 

 the nature of Tricondyla and Theraies led at last to the Protopogono- 

 s to m idle. 



The species of the genus Cic'mdela are geologically the youngest of 

 the Cicindelide forms. T-hey are to be considered descendants of the 

 Protoeuryodida?, and in them first appears the highest development and 

 greatest potential variation of vestiture and pattern. With respect to the 



