138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Piles of boards, loose bark, hollow trees, hay and straw stacked in 

 the fields, afford comfortable quarters for hibernating larvae. 



In the first mild days of opening spring I have seen caterpillars of the 



American Ruby X\g^x .Phragmatobia fulig'mosa, Linneus, walking over the 



snow, to find bare spots in which Dandelion and Plantain begin to appear ; 



and I have found, here and there in the woods, on early tufts of wild grass, 



those of the Purple Lapwing, Cte?iuc/ia Virginica, Charpentier, making up 



for their long fast. 



(2) But a very large proportion of the insect tribes, on the approach 

 of winter, undergo the pupal change. 



(a) Some suspend themselves, and change to naked chrysalids. 



(b) Others bury themselves in the earth. 



(c) And others spin for themselves snug cocoons. 



All of them search for suitable quarters before they undergo the 

 important change. 



(a) A ready example of this class is afforded by the caterpillar of the 

 Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris rupee, Linneus. The full-fed larva of the late 

 brood of this species having found a fitting situation — sometivies in a 

 dwellinghouse^ — proceeds to fasten itself at its hind end, by means of a 

 silken attachment, to the surface on which it rests. It then deftly passes 

 a thread from the middle of its back to its support, and then, turning to the 

 other side, continues this, making a perfect loop. And so it braces itself 

 immediately before the actual change to the chrysalis takes place. 



One bright day, in the winter of 1904-5, I noticed a fresh specimen 

 of the Cabbage Butterfly fluttering in a window of an upper chamber of 

 my house. The steady warmth of the dwelling had hastened the develop- 

 ment of the insect. I left it, but it probably escaped through a ventilator. 

 If it did so, and happened to come before a newspaper scribe in search of 

 an item, what an opportunity he would have had for an interesting 

 paragraph 1 



(b) Many larvae, on attaining full-growth, bury themselves in the soil, 

 and there undergo the pupal change. The large Hawk Moth Caterpillars 

 do this. Take, for instance, the beautiful caterpillar of Sphinx kalniice^ 

 Smith and Abbot, which often feeds on the Syringas and Lilacs in our 

 gardens. It may be known by its blue, anal horn covered with black 

 tubercles. This larva when full-fed, wriggles its way for some inches in 



