184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



from which fig. i was drawn. It is not typical, and was sketched merely 



to assist in determining the nature and extent of the markings, which are 



more or less elusive in ordinary specimens. 



Le?igt/i of larval life. — Only two caterpillars were reared from egg to 



chrysalis. One born on May i6th pupated June loth. The other, born 



May 15th, pupated June 14th. The length of larval existence may there- 

 fore be stated to be about 25 or 30 days. 



The chrysalis. — As stated previously, the caterpillar forms a rude 

 shelter of such light material as it may be able to find. In nature it 

 doubtless drops or crawls to the ground when fully grown, and searches 

 for a spot suitable for a winter residence. It may wander some distance, 

 for the restless period immediately preceding pupation is several days in 

 length, and as much as a week may elapse between the last meal and the 

 formation cf a chrysalis. 



The shape of the chrysalis is shown in detail in the plate. Fig. 2 

 exhibits the dorsal aspect, fig. 3 the ventral, fig. 4 the lateral, fig. 5 the 

 anterior, and fig. 6 the posterior. These are drawn from the same 

 specimen. 



In his "Brief Guide to the Conmioner Butterflies" Scudder states that 

 the chrysalis has "a slender dorsal ridge on mesothorax." The same 

 statement is made in the descriptions of niphoii and augustus, and in the 

 key which precedes the descriptive text this ^'slender ridge" is given as a 

 generic character. I fail to find any mention of a ridge in \V. H, Edwards's 

 description of the chrysalis of Henrici, nor does Hy. Edwards say anything 

 of it when describing what he believed to be augustus. I am at a loss to 

 account for the statement. The ridge is certainly not found in irus. 



As may be seen from the figures, the chrysalis is covered with short 

 hairs, except on the wing-cases, the face, legs, tongue, antennae and the 

 ventral surface of the abdomen. The whole surface is covered by raised 

 lines, which on the abdomen and thorax are definite in arrangement, and 

 form a fairly regular reticulation, elsewhere they appear like wrinkles in 

 the heavy chitinous shell. This ornamentation is pronounced, and renders 

 difficult the determination of the various brown spots which cover the 

 chrysalis. The thoracic spiracle is dull straw-yellow and conspicuous ; 

 the abdominal spiracles may be, for the same reason, visible to the naked 

 eye, or may be inconspicuous because concolorous with their surroundings. 

 The ocellar ribbon is black. 



