60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



comparatively few ia number, wliicli lie without the division com- 

 monly recognized as Carex proper. The genus Carex as received by 

 Linnteus included Uucinia, which was separated by Persoon in 1807. 

 In 1819, Beauvois, in Lestiboudois's " Essai sur la Famille de Cype- 

 racees," proposed the genus Vignea, to include most of the distigma- 

 tous homostachyous species, choosing the name in honor of Prof. G. F. 

 de la Vigne, translator of Schkuhr's " Riedgriiscr " into French. 



The sectional divisions of the genus have been built heretofore 

 largely upon artificial groups. So far as I know, the monostachyous 

 species have always been thrown together, until an attempt was made 

 to distribute them in natural groups in Coulter's Manual of Rocky 

 Mountain Botany. I have neglected such names as Unispicatce, 

 MonostachyjB, Homostachyos, and Heterostachyas, as unsuitable for 

 the designation of natural sections, however valuable they may be 

 for artificial keys. For the same reason, I have not made use of the 

 Dontostoma3 and Cyrtostomae of Fries, nor the Chlorostachyae 

 and Melanostachyag of Tuckerman. In 1835 Elias Fries made a 

 number of names, mostly plurals of the names of well-known and 

 representative species, to designate some of the lesser groups of the 

 genus. These were published in " Corpus Florarum Provincialium 

 Sueciae." This idea was followed to a small extent by Kunth, in 

 1837, in the second volume of " Enumeratio Plantarum." In 1843, 

 Prof. Edward Tuckerman published his curious and critical " Enume- 

 ratio Methodica Caricum quarundam," a pamphlet of twenty-one 

 pages, which was (he first professed attempt to make a natural ar- 

 rangement of Carices with named divisions. A year later Drejer's 

 excellent " SymbolEe Caricologicae " appeared, in which the general 

 affinities of many species were discussed at length, and eleven sections 

 proposed for the true Carices. The next important additions to the 

 names of minor groups were made by John Carey, in the first edition 

 of Gray's Manual, 184S. 



SUBGENUS I. EUCAREX, Cosson, Fl. Paris, 744. Staminate 

 flowers forming one or more terminal linear or club-shaped spikes 

 (which, however, are often pistillate at base or apex). Pistillate 

 flowers usually in distinct and simple mostly peduncled spikes. Cross- 

 section of the perigynium circular, obtusely angled, or prominently 

 trigonous in outline. Style mostly 3-parted and the achenium trigo- 

 nous or triquetrous. 



Section I. PHYSOCARPiE, Drejer, Symb. Car. 10 {Deflexo- 

 carpoi, Bailey, Coulter Man. 373, in part). Perigynium mostly 



